Macroscopic Features - Pileus + Stipe Flashcards

1
Q

Conic

A

Pileal Shape

Resembles a cone / Cone-shaped

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2
Q

Campanulate

A

Pileal Shape
In the shape of a bell / Bell-shaped
(Like the Liberty Bell)

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3
Q

Convex

A

Pileal Shape
Equally rounded or evenly symmetrical;
broadly obtuse;
rounded like an inverted bowl

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4
Q

Parabolic

A

Pileal Shape

A shape in which the height is greater than the width, but the apex is still rounded, like that of a parabola

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5
Q

Plane
or
Applanate

A

Pileal Shape
Having a flat surface

OR

Pileal Margin
Extending outward and flat

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6
Q

Uplifted

A

Pileal Shape AND Pileal Margin

The shape of the pileus when the margin is directed or turned upwards

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7
Q

Broadly Umbonate

A

Pileal Shape

With a rounded and broad umbo

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8
Q

Acutely Umbonate

A

Pileal Shape

With a sharply delineated or pointed umbo

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9
Q

Cuspidate

A

Pileal Shape

WIth a cusp, or pointed umbo

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10
Q

Mammilate / Papillate

A

Pileal Shape
Mammilate: Like the shape of a breast, possessing a protuberance (umbo) in the center which makes the pileus appear like a breast
Papillate: Having a papilla; differs from mammilate in having a smaller protuberance

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11
Q

Shallowly Depressed

A

Pileal Shape

With a depression in the center of the pileus that is not very deep

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12
Q

Deeply Depressed

A

Pileal Shape

With a depression in the center of the pileus that is deeply sunken.

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13
Q

Infundibulliform

A

PIleal Shape

With the center of the cap so deeply sunken as to form a funnel shape

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14
Q

Umbilicate

A

Pileal Shape
A pileal disc with a small umbo in a central depression; like a navel or umbilicus; often considered synonymous with shallowly depressed (ie shallowly depressed but lacking the umbo)

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15
Q

Orbicular or Ovate / Ovoid

A

Pileal Shape
Orbicular: Having the appearance of an orb
Ovate / Ovoid: Ovate pertains to a 2D surface; Ovoid pertains to a solid shapes like a hens egg w/ the narrow end upward. A cross section through the center will be orbicular, longitudinal section will be ovate.

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16
Q

Flabelliform

A

Pileal Shape

Fan-Shaped

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17
Q

Petaloid

A

Pileal Shape
Shaped like the petal of a flower; Narrowed at the attachment of the sporocarp and expanded outwards; more elongated than flabelliform, more rounded than spathulate

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18
Q

Spathulate

A

Pileal Shape
Shaped like a spatula; Narrowed at the attachment of sporocarp, sometimes widening again just before attachment, and expanded outwards, margin opposite of attachment is more flattened than petaloid

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19
Q

Conchate

A

Pileal Shape

In the shape of a bivalve shell, such as an oster

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20
Q

Dimidate

A

Pileal Shape

Semi-circular

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21
Q

Inrolled

A

Pileal Margin

Rolled in; a pileal margin which is rolled inward; (=involute)

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22
Q

Involute

A

Pileal Margin

Rolled in; a pileal margin which is rolled inward; (=inrolled)

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23
Q

Incurved

A

Pileal Margin

Turned inwards; a pileal margin which is pointing toward the stipe or to the gills; not rolled up

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24
Q

Decurved

A

Pileal Margin

Bent down, not inward

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25
Q

Straight

A

Pileal Margin

Margin extending outward without curving upward or downward

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26
Q

Upturned

A

Pileal Margin
Said of a margin which is pointed or turned upwards (as distinct from Uplifted - the shape of the entire pileus with an upturned margin)

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27
Q

Entire

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

Having the edge of the pileus or margin of the gills even and smooth, not interrupted at all

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28
Q

Crenate

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

Having the margin composed of rounded teeth (=Scalloped)

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29
Q

Scalloped

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

Having the margin composed of rounded teeth (=Crenate)

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30
Q

Crisped

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

Finely curled and twisted or fine-wrinkled as in crepe paper; often considered synonymous with crenulate

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31
Q

Crenulate

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills
Having small scallops (diminutive form of crenate); having delicate rounded teeth; often considered synonymous with crisped

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32
Q

Undulate / Undulating

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

Broadly Wavy

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33
Q

Eroded

A

Margin of the Pileus or Gills

With an irregular, jagged edge

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34
Q

Rimose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Cracked; Having crevices

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35
Q

Rimulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having small cracks or crevices; Diminutive of Rimose

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36
Q

Appendiculate

A

Margin of the pileus; Remnant of Partial Veil

Having the margin of the expanded pileus fringed with pieces or patches of the partial veil

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37
Q

Translucent-Striate

A

Pileal Margin

Said of a pileus which is striate because the gills are visible through its very thin, translucent flesh (=pellucid)

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38
Q

Pellucid

A

Pileal Margin
Said of a pileus which is striate because the gills are visible through its very thin, translucent flesh (=translucent-striate)

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39
Q

Striate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Marked with delicate lines, grooves, or ridges radially oriented on the pileus, longitudinally oriented on the stripe

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40
Q

Pectinate

A

Surface of Pileus
Strongly and obviously marked with lines, grooves or ridges, short and parallel on the margin of the pileus like the teeth of a comb

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41
Q

Sulcate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Grooved, more deeply grooved than striate, and less deeply than plicate

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42
Q

Tuberculate-striate

A

Pileal Margin

With small bumbs (i.e., tubercles) on the striations, or lines

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43
Q

Shiny

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Shining as if polished (=lucidous / lucidus)

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44
Q

Lucidous / Lucidus

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Shining as if polished (=shiny)

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45
Q

Dull

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Without any shine

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46
Q

Sericeous

A
Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Like silk (=silky)
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47
Q

Arid

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Feeling as if there is no moisture in the surface (=dry)

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48
Q

Glutinous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with a substance that has the consistency of gluten or of liquid glue

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49
Q

Gelatinous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Resembling in gelatin in consistency, like jelly

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50
Q

Moist

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Appearing as if wet with water; neither dry nor sticky nor like liquid glue, jelly, oil, nor grease

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51
Q

Lubricous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Greasy to the touch; similar to the feel of oi (=greasy; =oily)

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52
Q

Viscid

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Very sticky but not slime-covered (i.e., not slimy)

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53
Q

Subviscid

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Slightly sticky and not slime-covered; nearly viscid

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54
Q

Tacky

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Very slightly sticky and not slime-covered; less sticky than subviscid

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55
Q

Hygrophanous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having a water-soaked appearance when wet; changing color in a marked manner when acquiring or losing moisture

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56
Q

Smooth

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe (or any other part of sporocarp)

A surface without any cracks, wrinkles, or pits

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57
Q

Scrobiculate / Scrobiculose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
With scrobiculae; With large, conspicuous, shallowly sunken spots, pits or hollows, not as deeply sunken as either an alveola or a lacuna

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58
Q

Alveolate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
A type of pitted surface with the holes, hollows, or depressions in the shape of alveolae; hollows larger than scrobiculae, shallower than lacunae; sides of the hollows often rather 6-sided and honeycomb-like

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59
Q

Lacinate

A

Surface of Pileus

Appearing as if cut into bands; said of a pileal surface which is split or cracked into large segments or bands

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60
Q

Areolate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Having a pattern of block-like areas similar to those formed when a mud flat dries; being divided by cracks into small areas

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61
Q

Rivulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With fine, irregularly connected lines, like a river and its tributaries as seen from the air; like little rivers

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62
Q

Corrugate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Coarsely wrinkled or ridged (=rugose)

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63
Q

Rugose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Coarsely wrinkled or ridged (=corrugate)

64
Q

Gyrose

A

Surface of Pileus

With conspicuous folds, like those of a brain

65
Q

Appressed

A

Of Surface Fibrils or Squamules

Closely flattened down (=adpressed)

66
Q

Appressed-Fibrillose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With flattened fibrils

67
Q

Appressed-Squamulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With flattened squamules

68
Q

Arachnoid

A

Remnant of partial veil

Like a spider’s web; covered with, or formed of delicate fairs or fibrils; often applied to the appearance of a cortina

69
Q

Atomate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having a powdered surface; surface covered by minute, shining particles

70
Q

Brittle

A

Consistency of Stipe or Pileus
Breaking easily; most often applied to the consistency of the stipe; structure forms a sharp, non-fibrous edge when broken; rigid and often breaking with a snap; nearly equivalent to cartilaginous but not pliable

71
Q

Bulbous

A

Shape of Stipe Base

With an abruptly enlarged or thickened stipe base

72
Q

Canaliculate

A

Surface of Stipe

Stipe surface with canals or channels alternating with furrows (=fluted)

73
Q

Canescent

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Becoming hoary or silvery; densely downy (=hoary)

74
Q

Cartilaginous

A

Consistency of Stipe
Resembling cartilage in consistency; firm and tough but pliable; structure forms a sharp, non-fibrous edge and a fibrous center when broken; consistency of a stipe that is typically (not always) 5 mm or less in diameter; nearly equivalent to brittle

75
Q

Cartilaginous rind

A

Consistency of Stipe

With a cartilaginous outer layer (or rind) but a stuffed or fibrous center

76
Q

Chalky

A

Consistency of Stipe
Breaking like blackboard chalk, i.e. when force is applied, the stipe snaps suddenly and sharply without bending; the broken edge is sharply defined and smooth, and the center is not fibrous; applied to consistency of the stipe in Russula and Lactarius spp.

77
Q

Ciliate

A

Margin of Pileus or Edge of Gill

Having hair like processes (cilia, singular cilium), which form a fringe on the margin of the pileus or edge of the gill

78
Q

Clavate

A

Shape of Stipe

Club-shaped with the thick end at the base; gradually tapering upwards from the base

79
Q

Clavate-bulbous

A

Type of Bulbous Stipe Base

Having a bulb that gradually tapers upwards and merges with the stipe

80
Q

Cobweb-like

A

Remnant of Partial Veil

Resembling a spider’s web; a cortina

81
Q

Terete

A

Shape of Stipe
Circular or round in cross section (i.e., if seen from the end) such that the stipe forms a perfect tubular shape; not flattened

82
Q

Compressed

A

Shape of Stipe
Flattened in cross section (i.e. if seen from the end) such that the stipe forms the shape of a compressed or flattened tube

83
Q

Coriaceous

A

Consistency of Pileus or Stipe

Leathery; Like leather in texture

84
Q

Corky

A

Consistency of Pileus or Stipe

Cork-like; like cork in texture

85
Q

Corneous

A

Consistency of Pileus or Stipe

Horn-like in texture (i.e., like the horn of a bull)

86
Q

Costate

A

Surface of Stipe

Veined or ribbed

87
Q

Downy

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having a soft, fluffy covering

88
Q

Downy-fibrillose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with a soft layer of fibrils which usually are not dense

89
Q

Downy-woolly

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with a fluffy layer of fibrils which are not dense; like a thin layer of wool

90
Q

Expallent

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Turning pale, becoming pale

91
Q

Farinose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Appearing as if covered by coarse meal; with finer ornamentations than granular; like freshly ground, coarse meal in texture and size

92
Q

Felty

A

Surface of Pileus

Having a fibrillose layer in the form of felt, i.e., densely matted and interwoven (=matted-fibrillose)

93
Q

Fibrous-pliant

A

Consistency of Stipe

A fleshy-fibrous stipe that is able to bend moderately without breaking

94
Q

Fimbriate

A

Margin of Pileus

Minutely or delicately torn or fringed

95
Q

Fistulose

A

Consistency of Stipe

Hollow, like a pipe; used to describe the flesh of the stipe when it becomes devoid of fibrils (i.e., empty)

96
Q

Fibrous

A

Consistency of Stipe
Composed of an interwoven, dense mass of fibrils; often used to describe the consistency of a stipe which is greater than 4mm wide at the apex; in a fleshy-fibrous stipe, the stipe breaks unevenly when force is applied, leaving fibrils projecting from the broken edge as well as from the flesh

97
Q

Floccose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Cottony; used when the fibrils have the appearance of cotton flannel

98
Q

Fluted

A

Surface of Stipe

Stipe surface with canals or channels alternating with furrows (=canaliculate)

99
Q

Furfuraceous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with bran-like particles; coarser in texture than farinose and granular

100
Q

Glabrescent

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Becoming glabrous or somewhat glabrous, that is, becoming smooth or somewhat smooth

101
Q

Glabrous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Bald; smooth; not fibrillose or hairy

102
Q

Glandular-dotted

A

Surface of Stipe
Surface appearing as if coated with colored spots (glandules); most often used to describe the surface of the stipe apex in boletes

103
Q

Granular / Granulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Surface covered with small granules, similar in size to those of salt; particles are larger than in farinose but smaller than in furfuraceous

104
Q

Hirsute

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having long, fairly coarse hairs; hairy

105
Q

Hispid

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having long, coarse hairs or bristles; with coarser or stiffer hairs than hirsute

106
Q

Hoary

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Becoming silvery; densely downy (=canescent)

107
Q

Imbricate-scaly

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with scales which overlap one another

108
Q

Incrassate

A

Shape of Stipe

Made thick; a stipe that is thickened at the base but not quite bulbous

109
Q

Innate

A

of Fibrils on surface of Pileus or Stipe

Being an integral part of the tissue; not readily removable from the surrounding or adjacent tissue with age or rubbing

110
Q

Lacerate

A

Surface of Pileus

Appearing as if roughly torn or cut

111
Q

Lacunose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
having lacunae, that is, having quite deep pits or hollows, the depth of which are greater than that of scrobiculae or of alveolae

112
Q

Marcescent

A

Able to revive when moistened; applied to a sporocarp which can resume spore production when moistened after being dried; often the sporocarp swells out and resumes its original shape

113
Q

Marginate (stipe base)

A

Shape of Stipe Base
Used to describe a bulbous stipe base when the bulb is well marked by its distinct rim (when the upper surface of the bulb is attached at a right angle) (marginate bulb = abruptly bulbous)

114
Q

Marginate-depressed (bulb)

A

Shape of Stipe Base

A bulbouse stipe base with a distint margin and upper surface shaped like the edge of a saucer

115
Q

Matted-fibrillose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe
Covered with fibrils which are interwoven (i.e., matted) in such a manner as to give the surface an appearance of felt; close to tomentose, which differs by having the fibrils arranged like those in wool, i.e., fluffy and not as matted (=felty)

116
Q

Micaceous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with mica-like particles; appearing as if covered with small, glistening particles

117
Q

Mottled

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Appearing as if covered with spots or blotches of different colors or shades

118
Q

Peronate

A

Covering of Stipe
Sheathed; having a boot or covering like a sock; used to describe the lower portion of a stipe which is sheathed or covered with a universal or partial veil

119
Q

Pileate

A

With a pileus

120
Q

Pileate-sessile / Pileate and sessile

A

With a pileus, but without a stipe

121
Q

Sessile

A

Without a stipe

122
Q

Pliable

A

Feature of Pileus or Stipe

Yielding easily to pressure, flexible

123
Q

Pliant

A

Feature of Pileus or Stipe

Bending or folding easily

124
Q

Plicate

A

Surface of Pileus; type of pileal margin

With folds or pleats like those of a fan

125
Q

Plicate-striate

A

Surface of Pileus; type of pileal margin

With folds and radial lines or furrows

126
Q

Powdery / Powdered

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

As if covered with powder - typically described as being either granular, farinose, or pruinose (=pulverulent)

127
Q

Pruinose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with a very fine powder

128
Q

Pubescent

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having minute, soft hairs; downy differs by having slight larger hairs

129
Q

Pulpy

A

Flesh of Pileus

Like the flesh or pithy part of a vegetable, such as zucchini

130
Q

Pulverulent

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

As if covered with powder (=powdered / powdery)

131
Q

Punctate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Marked with many small spots or hollows (punctae)

132
Q

Punctate-squamulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Marked with minute scales (squamules) or points

133
Q

Radicating / Radicated

A

Type of Stipe

Having a pseudorhiza

134
Q

Recurved-squamulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

WIth small, appressed scales, the tips of which are curved backwards

135
Q

Reticulate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having a net; netted; ornamented with a net-like pattern (reticulations)

136
Q

Saccate

A

Shape

In the shape of a bag

137
Q

Scabrous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Roughened because of erect scales which are often pointed

138
Q

Scabrulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Diminutive of scabrous; roughened because of small erect scales

139
Q

Serrate

A

Shape of Pileus Margin

With a notched or toothed edge, like the teeth of a saw with an irregular pattern

140
Q

Serrulate

A

Shape of Pileus Margin

Diminutive of serrate; With a notched or toothed edge with teeth small and in an irregular pattern

141
Q

Squamose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With moderate-sized to large scales

142
Q

Squamulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With small scales; diminutive of squamose

143
Q

Squarrose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Covered with upright pointed scales; sometimes used in the same was as scabrous or recurved-squamulose

144
Q

Streaked

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having faint lines or bands; used when appressed fibrils appear like bands or faint lines, i.e., streaks (=virgate)

145
Q

Strigose

A

Base of Stipe

With large, bristle-like, coarse hairs

146
Q

Subclavate

A

Shape of Stipe

Nearly club-shaped

147
Q

Tapered

A

Shape of Stipe

Narrowed; not equal in thickness from the apex to the base

148
Q

Tomentose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Densely matted and woolly; like a woolen blanket

149
Q

Tomentulose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With a slightly matted and woolly surface; like a thin woolen blanket; nearly tomentose

150
Q

Velutinous

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With a layer of compact, short, fine, and soft hairs; velvety; velvet-like

151
Q

Ventricose (stipe)

A

Shape of stipe

Pot-bellied; broad in the middle, but tapered at each end; said of a stipe with a swollen mid-portion

152
Q

Villose

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

With long, soft, and weak hairs

153
Q

Virgate

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Having faint lines or bands; used when appressed fibrils appear like bands or faint lines, i.e., streaks (=streaked)

154
Q

Wart

A

Surface of Pileus or Stipe

Small patches or pieces of universal-veil material on the surface of the pileus, pileal margin, or stipe base

155
Q

Zonate

A

Surface of Pileus

With concentric bands that are of different colors or tectures (=zoned)