Macronutrients And Micronutrients

Question 1

What is macronutrients and micronutrients?

Answer 1

Macronutrients are needed in large amounts, these nutrients are proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Micronutrients are needed in small amounts These are Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements.

Question 2

What are proteins?

Answer 2

Proteins are very large molecules and are made small scales called amino acid.

Question 3

How much protein should we eat?

Answer 3

Babies, children and teenagers are still growing and need more protein.Children 15years: 28-42 grams of protein is needed.

Question 4

What are fats and what do they do?

Answer 4

Fats is lipids. Fats are usually solid at room temperature.Other fats are invisible and form part of a product that we eat.

Question 5

What are simple and complex carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides and Disaccharides. Complex carbohydrates are Polysaccharides and non-starch polysaccharides.

Question 6

How many carbohydrates should we eat?

Answer 6

An average of 2000calories diet should contain 250g of carbohydrates.

Question 7

What are the two groups that Vitamins are split into?

Answer 7

Fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins.

Question 8

Minerals and trace elements

Answer 8

Minerals help to make stronger bones and teeth, make sure we have sufficient red blood cells to transport oxygen around the body.Trace elements are responsible for strengthening the tooth enamel.

Question 9

What do trace elements include?

Answer 9

Silicon
Fluoride
Iodine
Cobalt
Molybdenum

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

Is in all our body cells and is involved in chemical reactions in the body. Helps get rid of waste products in faeces.

Question 11

What happens if we don’t drink enough water?

Answer 11

Headache
dark-coloured urine
Weakness and nausea
Confusion
Changes in blood pressure

Question 12

What is dietary fibre (Non-starch polysaccharide - NSP)?

Answer 12

Fibre is a polysaccharide, a complex carbohydrate our bodies cannot digest. It provides bulk in the diet, helping move waste food through the system, preventing constipation, and cleaning the digestive system to remove bacteria.

Question 13

What are the main functions of NSP?

Answer 13

Helps prevent bowel disorders, like bowel cancer and haemorrhoids.
Assists in weight control as high fibre foods are filling.
Lowers blood cholesterol and helps lower blood sugar levels.

Question 14

What does soluble fibre do in the body?

Answer 14

Slows down digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, keeping you fuller for longer.
Helps control blood sugar levels.
Lowers blood cholesterol levels.

Question 15

What are some good sources of soluble fibre?

Answer 15

Oats, beans, peas, lentils, and most fruits and vegetables (especially with skin).

Question 16

What is the function of insoluble fibre?

Answer 16

Absorbs water, increases bulk, and helps keep stools soft, making them pass through the digestive system easily, preventing constipation.

Question 17

What are good sources of insoluble fibre?

Answer 17

Wholemeal bread and pasta, wholegrain cereals, brown rice, and some fruits and vegetables.

Question 18

What is the minimum and ideal amount of fibre people need per day?

Answer 18

The minimum is 18g per day, but the ideal amount is 30g per day.

Question 19

Why do children need less fibre?

Answer 19

Too much fibre can fill them up too quickly, preventing them from getting enough other nutrients needed for healthy growth.