Macronutrients and Metabolism, Starvation and Refeeding Flashcards
catabolism
burning/breaking down
anabolic
building up
3 stages of catabolism of food
- break down into monomers
- convert monomers to acetyl coA or another piece of citric acid cycle
- feed into the citric acid cycle and gain energy
3 stages of anabolism
- produce precursors such as aa, monosaccharides and nucleotides
- activation of those precursors into reactive forms using ATP phosphorylation energy
- assemble activated precursors into complex molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and NA
3 examples of complex carbs
cellulose, starches, glycogen - have more fiber and higher nutritional value
2 examples of simple carbs
glucose - monosaccharide, sucrose - disaccharide
what are linoleic and linolenic acids modified to make?
eicosanoids
what do eicosanoids effect
inflammation and other cell functions
is linoleic (w-6) usually Add to dictionary?
yes
what is linolenic (w3) usually?
anti-inflammatory
lipoids
molecules formed from linoleic acid(w6), Add to dictionary
resolvins
formed from linoleic acid (w6), down regulate inflammation especially in the presence of ASA
endocannabinoids effect what
affecting appetite, pain sensation mood and memory
what forms lipid rafts?
linoleic and linoleic acids
examples of omega 3 foods
sardines, salmon, flax seed, walnuts etc..
What specific pt populations may benefit from omega 3 rich diet?
depressed, inflammatory problems (CVD, fatigue, dry itchy skin, jt pain), DM2, brittle hair and nails, inability to concentrate
how many essential aa are there?
9 , example tryptophan
what is an example of a conditional aa?
tyrosine
what is a conditional aa?
aa that can be made, but not fast enough.. these become essential in times of illness stress or poor nutrition
how many calories recommended from fat?
less than 1/3
what is PRO recommendation
55-75 grams
what is sodium recommendation
less than 2300mg per day
what are 3 main factors that play into perceiving hunger
increases plasma glucose, stress, conditioned response
in the absorptive state is anabolism or catabolism rate higher?
anabolism
t/f the absorptive state is insulin dominant
true
besides storing chylomicrons what other roles do they play?
burned for energy in liver, muscle, and fat cells
during the absorptive state what converts glucose into TG
liver AND FAT CELLS THEMSELVES
post absorptive state is aka
fasting state
when does post absorptive state occur?
3-5 hours after absorption
what glucose level is normal or maintained
70-110mg / dl
