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Food Prep And Nutrition > Macronutrients > Flashcards

Macronutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Chemicals that are needed for life and nourishment

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2
Q

What are macronutrients

A

Nutrients needed in large amounts

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3
Q

What are the three macronutrients?

A

Fat, protein, carbohydrates

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4
Q

When we eat carbohydrates what do they get broken down into?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

What organ produces insulin?

A

Pancreas

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6
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Enable us to absorb glucose

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7
Q

How many calories are in one gram of carbohydrates?

A

3.75 kcal

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8
Q

What fraction of the diet should come from starchy carbohydrates?

A

1/3

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9
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

To provide energy

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10
Q

What are simple carbohydrates more commonly known as?

A

Sugar

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11
Q

What illnesses can be linked to a high sugar diet?

A

Obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, tooth decay

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12
Q

What type of carbohydrates release energy slowly?

A

Complex carbohydrates

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13
Q

What are instrinsic sugars

A

Natural sugars found in food

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14
Q

What are extrinic sugars

A

Sugars added to food

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15
Q

What type of macronutrient is fibre

A

Carbohydrate

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16
Q

What are the three types of carbohydrates

A

Complex, simple amd fibre

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17
Q

What is insoluble fibre

A

Fibre that does not get broken down in our bodies

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18
Q

What system does fibre support

A

Digestive

19
Q

What illnesses can a diet high in fibre avoid

A

Constipation, cronary heart disease, haemmoroids

20
Q

What illness can you experience if you eat too much fibre?

A

Stomach cramps, flatulence

21
Q

What foods are good sources of insoluble fibre

A

Wholegrain, wholemeal, bran , nuts, corn

22
Q

What foods are good sources of soluble fibre

A

Oats, barley, rye, beans

23
Q

What does soluble fibre do?

A

Bulk out poo

24
Q

What does insoluble fibre do?

A

Clears out bowles as it is not broken down

25
Q

What is protein needed for?

A

Growth and repair of body

26
Q

What does HBV (high biological value) protein mean?

A

Come from animal source
Contain all amino acids we need

27
Q

What does lbv (low biological value) proteins mean?

A

Comes from a plant source
Dont contain all amino acids we need

28
Q

What are essential amino acids

A

The amino acids our body cannot produce so must be eaten

29
Q

What illneses can a protein deficiency cause

A

Wasting and shrinking of muscle

30
Q

What does the term complimentary proteins mean?

A

Eating two or more LBV proteins together so they provide all the essential amino acids

31
Q

What type of fat should we cut down

A

Saturated

32
Q

What is the function of fat

A

Energy
Insulation and body warmth

33
Q

What are the two catagories of fat

A

Saturated
Unsaturated

34
Q

What are the two types of unsaturated fat

A

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated

35
Q

Give three examples of saturated fat

A

Lard, full fat dairy, visible fat on meat

36
Q

What are trans fats?

A

Vegetable fat which have been processed to make them hard (adding hydrogen also known as hydrogenation)

37
Q

Why do food manufacturers use trans fats

A

Increased shelf life
Cheaper to make

38
Q

What foods are monosaturated fats found in

A

Rapeseed oil, almonds, avocado, penuts

39
Q

What foods are polyunsaturated fats found in

A

Sunflower, soya, corn

40
Q

What are omega 3 and 6

A

Types of polyunsaturated fats

41
Q

What are the benefits of omega 3

A

Prevent blood clots, regulate heart rhythm , prevent depression

42
Q

What foods are good sources of omega 3

A

Fish eg. Samon ,macrel , trout

43
Q

What is cholesterol

A

A waxy substance caried in blood

44
Q

What type of cholesterol is bad

A

LDL( low density lipoproteins)

Food Prep And Nutrition (4 decks)

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