Macronutrients Flashcards
List all 4 protein functions
Structural support, defence against foreign bodies, transport, trafficking
What are enzymatic proteins function?
To increase the rate of a chemical reaction
Examples of enzymatic proteins?
Digestive enzymes: Amylase, Maltase, Trypsin, Lipase
Protein status: protein content of tissue is =
Protein exists in a =
constant and dynamic state
Name the 4 protein structures
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary
Primary structure relates to
the sequence of amino acids
Secondary structure is composed of
Alpha helices and Beta sheets in polypeptide chain
Beta turn and Omega loop
Tertiary structure related to
R-group composition (Hydrophobic residues)
Quaternary structure arises when
polypeptide chains combine to form single, multiple subunit structure
How many proteinogenic amino acids are there?
20
How many are essential and what does it mean?
9 cannot be synthesised by the body and therefore must be obtained by diet or supplement
Essential amino acids have important biological roles:
Precursor for protein synthesis, used in synthesis of other molecules, Tryptophan to Niacin
Various metabolic conditions associated with the metabolism of amino acids (not on slides)
phenylketonuria, tyrosinemia, homocystinuria, non-ketotic hyperglycinemia, and maple syrup urine disease
Main source of protein is from our diet. It is a source of:
Amino acids used for endogenous protein synthesis
Protein is metabolised to yield:
4 kcal/g
