macronutrients Flashcards
list the macronutrients
- protein
- fats
- carbs
what is the difference between micro and macronutrients?
- larger amounts
- essential for growth which micro supports
what are the two types of carbs and what do they provide?
- simple
- complex:fibre
what are carbs compounds of?
- carbon
- oxygen
- hydrogen
what can carbs be classified as?
- monosaccharides
- polysaccharides
- disaccharides
how much energy does 1 gram of carbs give?
- 3.75kcal
where are sugars found?
what are they called?
- glucose fructose:fruit and veg
- galactose:lactose
- maltose:grains
- sucrose:sugar
- lactose:milk
lactose isn’t bound…
- to the cellular structure of food
where are starchy carbs found?
what are they called?
- starch:grains
- pectin:jam
- dextrin:toast
- fibre:oats
why is protein needed?
- growth and repair
- healthy cells
how much energy does 1 gram of protein give?
- 4kcal
what is the structure of protein?
- building blocks
- amino acids
what is the different sources of protein?
what do they contain?
- animal sources: full range of essential amino acids
- plant sources: fewer
what does fat do?
why is it needed?
- provides soluble A,D,E,K
- absorption
- essential fatty acids body can’t make
how much energy does 1 gram of fat give?
- 9kcal
what is the structure of fat?
what does it determine?
- fatty acids and glycerol
- effect on health
- melting point
what are fats saturated as?
- saturated
- mono-unsaturated
- poly-unsaturated
what are the consequences of high saturated fat intake?
- raise cholesterol
- increases risk of heart disease and stroke
what is a diet high in unsaturated fat associated with
- obesity
what are unsaturated fats?
- no double bonds
- saturated with hydrogen
- solid at room temp
- no essentail fatty acids
what are unsaturated fats?
- one or more double bonds
- liquid at room temp
- has essential fatty acids
