Macromolecules Test Flashcards
What are the four major groups of macro-molecules found in in living organisms?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
Polymers of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers of which process?
Dehydration reaction
Summarize the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis.
Dehydration reactions remove water, where hydrolysis adds water. Dehydration -> Monomers link to form polymers Hydrolysis -> Breaks down large molecules
A certain carbohydrate is composed of two glucose molecules. The formula for each glucose molecule is C6H12O6. What is the formula for the resulting carbohydrate?
C12H24O12
If 128 molecules of the general type shown in the figure below were conveniently joined together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a:
Starch
Consider a polysaccharide consisting of 576 glucose molecules. The total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the formation of how many glucose molecules?
575
Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
Disaccharide
What are the four polysaccharides listed in your notes?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Chitin
Starch and glucose are both polymers of _____.
Glucose
What is cellulose a major structural component of?
Beta Glucose
Why can’t humans digest cellulose?
We lack the enzyme.
Lipids are ____ in water.
Not soluble
Lipids are an important component of cell _____.
membranes
Lipids store ____ as much energy as _____.
Twice;Polysaccharide
Saturated fatty acids have a ____ ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids.
higher
Why do the 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties?
Because they have a unique side chain that changes with each different amino acid
Draw a peptide bond:
O H
ll l
C - C - N - C
How are polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and proteins similar?
Their polymers are joined by dehydration reactions
What compounds do dehydration reactions form?
Trigylcerides, polysaccharides, and proteins
If a particular protein contained 356 amino acids, how many peptide bonds are present in the protein?
355 peptide bonds are present
What are R groups and how do they affect amino acids?
They are side chains and they are the variable part of the amino acid
What is denaturation?
When the protein changes its composition
What three parts compose a nucleotide?
5 carbon sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
What are the 2 families of nitrogen bases of a nucleotide?
Purine and Pyrimidine
Members of the pyrimidine family are ____ and ____.
thymine and cytosine
Members of the purine family are ____ and ____.
Adenine and guanine
What is the following molecule structure? (No bends in chain)
Saturated fatty acid
What is the following molecule structure? (Slight bend in chain)
Unsaturated fatty acid
What is the following molecule structure? (Ex. Cholesterol)
Steroid
What are the four protein shapes?
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
What is the first protein shape and its bond?
Primary; peptide bond
What is the second protein shape and its bond?
Secondary; hydrogen bond
What is the third protein shape and its bond?
Tertiary; hydrogen bonds
What is the fourth protein shape and its bond?
Quaternary; hydrogen bonds
