Macromolecules, Polymer & Carbohydrate Flashcards
Definition of Macromolecules
Macromolecules are complex molecules with a relatively large molecular mass - e.g. proteins, some carbohydrates and lipids.
Definition of Monomer
Monomer is a small molecule which binds to many other identical molecules to form a polymer - e.g. monosaccharides & amino acids
Definition of polymer
polymer is a large molecule made from many smaller molecules called monomers - e.g. protein & some carbohydrate
Definition of condensation reaction
its a reaction that occurs when two molecules are joined together with the removal of water
Definition of hydrolysis reaction
its a reaction that occurs when a molecule is split into two smaller molecules with the addition of water
Carbohydrates molecules, monomer with example and polymer with example
( C, H, O) - monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) & polysaccharide (e.g. starch)
Proteins molecules, monomer and polymer
( C, H, O, N, S) - amino acids & Polypeptides and Proteins
Nucleic Acid molecules, monomer and polymer
(C, H, O, N, P) - Nucleotides & DNA and RNA
Definition of Carbohydrates
A group of molecules containing C, H and O
For every carbohydrates there are…
… usually two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
What is glucose and what shape does it have?
its a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms. This means it’s a hexose monosaccharide.
A- glucose strucutre
One O atom C1 has H at the top and OH at the bottom C2 has OH at the bottom C3 has H at the bottom C4 has H at the top and OH at the bottom C5 has CH2OH at the top
B- glucose strucutre
One O atom C1 has OH at the top and H at the bottom C2 has OH at the bottom C3 has H at the bottom C4 has H at the top and OH at the bottom C5 has CH2OH at the top
A- glucose role
> An energy source
> Component of starch and glycogen, which act as energy stores
B- glucose role
> An energy source
> component of cellulose, which provides structural support in plant cell wall.
what does A- glucose and B- glucose structure allow them to do & and what do the bonds contain
> There structure makes it soluble, so it can be easily transported.
its chemical bonds contain lots of energy.
What is ribose and what shape does it have?
its a monosaccharide with five (C5H10O5) carbon atoms. This means its a pentose monosaccharide.
Structure of ribose
One O atom
C1 has OH at the top and H at the bottom
C2 and C3 have H at the top and OH at the bottom
C4 has H at the bottom and CH2OH at the top
Role of Ribose
its the sugar component of RNA nucleotides
What are monosaccharides joined together by?
Glycosidic bonds
How is a disaccharides formed?
they are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together
How is polysaccharide formed?
its formed when more than two monosaccharide join together
polysaccharide formation
during synthesis, a hydrogen atom on one monosaccharide bonds to a hydroxyl (OH) group on the other, releasing a water molecule - condensation reaction
How is Maltose formed?
a - glucose + a - glucose
