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bio > Macromolecules and atomic structures > Flashcards

Macromolecules and atomic structures Flashcards

1
Q

Element

A

a substance made up of one type of atom.

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2
Q

Compound

A

a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements.

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3
Q

Chemical Formula

A

the number of atoms present for each element

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4
Q

Atom

A

the smallest basic unit of matter

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5
Q

Molecule

A

two or more atoms bonded by shared electrons

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6
Q

Chemical reactions

A

change materials into different substances by breaking chemical bonds and forming new ones, rearranging atoms in the process

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7
Q

Matter

A

substance of which any physical thing is composed.

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8
Q

Proton

A

positively charged particle. located in nucleus

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9
Q

Neutron

A

neutral particle – no charge. located in nucleus

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10
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle. orbit around the nucleus

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11
Q

Atomic Number

A

number of protons in nucleus

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12
Q

Mass Number

A

number of protons and neutrons

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13
Q

Neutral Atom

A

equal # protons and electrons

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14
Q

Ion

A

charged, the # of protons and electrons are not equal.

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15
Q

Cation

A

when an atom loses an electron, positively charged

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16
Q

Anion

A

when an atom loses an electron, negatively charged

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17
Q

conservation of mass

A

in a chemical reaction mass is neither created nor destroyed. total mass of the products= total mass of the reactants

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18
Q

Macromolecules

A

large organic molecules, containing carbon used for various functions in living

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19
Q

Monomers

A

small, basic unit of macromolecule

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20
Q

Polymers

A

complex structure made of monomers.

21
Q

Dehydration Reaction

A

to build polymer: Links monomers in covalent bond and removes H2O

22
Q

Hydrolysis

A

breaks covalent bond. turns polymer in to monomers. H2O is added.

23
Q

Monosaccharide

A

single sugar molecules. monomer of Carbohydrate

24
Q

Amino acids

A

monomer of Proteins

25
Q

Nucleotides

A

monomer of Nucleic Acids (DNA & RNA)

26
Q

Examples of Monosaccharides

A

Glucose (simplest sugar, main fuel for cell),
Galactose
Fructose (fruit sugar).

27
Q

Example of Disaccharides

A

Sucrose - table sugar. (Glucose + fructose )

28
Q

Examples of Polysaccharides

A

Starch (how plants store sugar, grains)
Glycogen (how animals store sugar),
Cellulose (structural support in plant cell walls)
Formed by repeated glucose

29
Q

Polysaccharides

A

large molecules formed by many repeated monosaccharides. also structural molecules and store energy

30
Q

Disaccharides

A

two monosaccharides combined. formed via condensation reaction

31
Q

Polysaccharides as structural molecules

A

cellulose - makes up cell walls (plants)
chitin - makes up exoskeletons

32
Q

Polysaccharides as energy molecules

A

starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)

33
Q

saturated fat

A

bad fat

34
Q

unsaturated fat

A

good fat

35
Q

trans fat

A

worst food

36
Q

Lipids

A

Long-term Energy Storage, hormones, cell membrane

37
Q

Steroids

A

cholesterol & sex hormones–made of 4 fused rings

38
Q

Triglycerides

A

fat

39
Q

Phospholipids

A

making up the plasma membrane structure of cells.

40
Q

Proteins

A

run your body

41
Q

protins functions

A

Enzymes, Hormones, form bones and muscles, Transports substances, antibodies

42
Q

Examples of proteins

A

Insulin, collagen, Hemoglobin, Antibodies

43
Q

Polymer

A

Polypeptide

44
Q

peptide bond

A

link amino acids

45
Q

protein folding

A

determines function of protein

46
Q

Protein structures

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary

47
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

store & transmit genetic information

48
Q

Polymer of nucleic acids

A

Dna and Rna

49
Q

nucleotide

A

sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base

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