Macromolecules

Question 1

why is carbon important to life

Answer 1

Carbon is at the center of all organic molecules, and can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms.

Question 2

common elements in living things

Answer 2

carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur

Question 3

monomer

Answer 3

The single molecule that can combines with other molecules to build a polymer (building block)

Question 4

polymer

Answer 4

A molecule chain made up of monomers

Question 5

macromolecule

Answer 5

Macromolecules are very large molecules, and there are four different types: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

Question 6

dehydration synthesis

Answer 6

building a larger molecule by removing water

Question 7

hydrolysis

Answer 7

large molecule breaking apart when water is added

Question 8

elements in carbohydrates

Answer 8

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 9

elements in lipids

Answer 9

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

elements in proteins

Answer 10

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur

Question 11

elements in nucleic acids

Answer 11

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous

Question 12

carbohydrates monomer and polymer

Answer 12

monosaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 13

lipids monomer and polymer

Answer 13

3 fatty acids and a glycerol, triglyceride

Question 14

nucleic acids monomer and polymer

Answer 14

nucleotides, DNA and RNA (polynucleotides)

Question 15

protein monomer and polymer

Answer 15

amino acids, polypeptides

Question 16

carbohydrates function

Answer 16

provides structure and energy

Question 17

lipids function

Answer 17

storing energy, regulation, insulation, shock absorber

Question 18

proteins function

Answer 18

movement, regulation, transport, speed up reactions

Question 19

nucleic acids function

Answer 19

storage and expression of genetic information

Question 20

foods that carbohydrates are found in

Answer 20

starch and sugar (bread, pasta, potatoes)

Question 21

foods that lipids are found in

Answer 21

fatty foods, dairy, eggs, oil, and fried foods

Question 22

foods that proteins are found in

Answer 22

eggs, meat, beans

Question 23

chemical formula for glucose

Answer 23

C6H12O6

Question 24

isomers

Answer 24

compounds with the same formula but different structural arrangements

Question 25

2 isomers of glucose

Answer 25

fructose and galactose

Question 26

2 storage polysaccharides

Answer 26

starch (stores energy in plants) and glycogen (stored as granules in animal liver and muscle cells, storing glucose)

Question 27

2 structural polysaccharides

Answer 27

cellulose (in plant cell walls) and chitin (in the exoskeleton of fungi, and insects and crustaceans)

Question 28

phospholipids

Answer 28

O~

Question 29

phospholipids function

Answer 29

act as a barrier for the passage of molecules an ions into and out of the cell (component of the cell membrane)

Question 30

triglyceride (fats and oils)

Answer 30

> ——–H
——–H
——\ H

Question 31

triglyceride (fats and oils) function

Answer 31

stores energy in cells

Question 32

waxes

Answer 32

/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\0

/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/

Question 33

waxes function

Answer 33

provide protection and repel water

Question 34

cholesterol/steroids

Answer 34

_ _
/ \ / \
_/ _/

Question 35

cholesterol/steroids function

Answer 35

regulate body processes

Question 36

LDL

Answer 36

low-density lipoprotein, the bad cholesterol, that carries cholesterol to your arteries where it can build up and become harmful

Question 37

HDL

Answer 37

high-density lipoprotein, the good cholesterol, that brings cholesterol to your liver where it can be removed from your bloodstream before it builds up in your arteries

Question 38

which part of the molecule is different in each amino acid

Answer 38

the R side chain

Question 39

protein - primary structure

Answer 39

Sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 40

protein - secondary structure

Answer 40

Beta pleated sheets or alpha helix, due to hydrogen bonding

Question 41

protein - tertiary structure

Answer 41

3D structure forms because of interactions between the R-groups and individual amino acids

Question 42

protein - quaternary structure

Answer 42

Structure protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Question 43

three parts of a nucleotide

Answer 43

phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 44

why is it called a pentose sugar

Answer 44

it has 5 carbon atoms

Question 45

DNA full name, sugar and nitrogenous bases

Answer 45

deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribose, bases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Question 46

RNA full name, sugar and nitrogenous bases

Answer 46

ribonucleic acids, ribose, bases - adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

Question 47

DNA location and function

Answer 47

in the nucleus, long term storage of genetic information

Question 48

RNA location and function

Answer 48

in the cytoplasm, rewrites information from DNA to carry it to another location

Question 49

how would your body build a polymer and break it down into two monomers

Answer 49

built through dehydration synthesis, two monomers combine to build a polymer by removing water, broken down through hydrolysis, polymer is broken into two monomers by adding water

Question 50

explain an enzyme reaction

Answer 50

the process is the enzyme catalyzing, and the enzyme catalyzes when the substrate meets in the active site, which is the enzyme substrate complex,and then breaks apart the substrate to produce products from this process

Question 51

what would happen if an enzyme were placed in a temperature far above its normal range

Answer 51

it would denature, which would affect the shape of the enzyme. If the shape of the enzyme is changed then it will not be able to properly perform its functions, because structure determines function.

Question 52

can enzymes be used to build and break apart molecules

Answer 52

Yes, enzymes use the process of dehydration synthesis to build molecules, which takes away water to combine two monomers. They can also use the process of hydrolysis to break apart the molecules, and break a polymer into monomers by adding water.