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Cells and Tissues Tri 1 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q 
Cellulose belong to which one of the following macromolecules?
A)Lipids
B)Carbohydrates
C)Proteins
D)Nucleic Acids
A

B) Carbohydrates

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2
Q 
What structural level is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha-helix?
A)Primary Structure
B)Secondary Structure
C)Tertiary Structure
D) Quaternary Structure
A

B) Secondary Structure

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3
Q

Sucrose is a ______.

A

Disaccharide

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4
Q

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

A)amino acid; protein
B)monosaccharide; carbohydrate
C)nucleotide; nucleic acid
D)glucose; lipids

A

D) glucose; Lipids

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5
Q

What is the primary structure of protein?

A

It is important for determining the secondary and tertiary structure of a protein; it is the sequence of amino acids from one end of protein to another; it is the linear sequence of amino acids that are linked together by peptide bonds

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6
Q

The genetic information is coded in DNA by the ______.

A

Sequence of the nucleotides

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7
Q

T or F:

Water is added to join the monomers of macromolecules.

A

False, water is dehydrated or condensed.

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8
Q 
All of the following are examples of biological macromolecules except?
A)Glycogen
B)Cellulose
C)Amino Acid
D)Starch
A

C) Amino Acid

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9
Q 
Which of the following is not a structural polysaccharide?
A)Cellulose
B)Chitin
C)Glycogen
D)All are polysaccharides
A

C) Glycogen

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10
Q

T or F:

Phospholipids are amphipathic.

A

True

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11
Q 
Amino acids joining together to make a peptide by:
A)Peptide Bond
B)Ionic Bond
C)Covalent Bond
D)Two of the above
A

D)Two of the above

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12
Q 
Which one of the following is not one of the six classes of lipids?
A)Pectins
B)Steroids
C)Terpenes
D)Triacyglycerol
A

A)Pectins

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13
Q 
Which of the following is not characteristic of DNA?
A)Contains deoxyribose
B)Contains ribose
C)Double stranded
D)Found in the nucleus
A

B)Contains ribose

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14
Q 
Which of the following is not a polymer of numerous monomer units?
A)Proteins
B)Lipids
C)Nucleic Acids
D)Carbohydrates
A

B)Lipids

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15
Q 
Nucleotides to nucleic acids are as amino acids are to?
A)Proteins
B)Fats
C)Carbohydrates
D)Tryglycerides
A

A)Proteins

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16
Q

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the ______
A)Addition of a water molecule between each two units
B)Addition of a carbon atom between each two units
C)Removal of a water molecule between each two units
D)Removal of a carbon atom between each two units

A

C)Removal of a water molecule between each two units

17
Q 
The single most abundant protein in the body is
A)DNA
B)Hemoglobin
C)Collagen
D)Glucose
A

C)Collagen

18
Q

List the 4 types of Macromolecules

A

Proteins (amino acids), Nucleic Acids (nucleotides), Polysaccharides (simple sugars), Lipids (diverse class)

19
Q

Describe the Macromolecule synthesis process

A

Stepwise from the smaller units. Each addition releases a hydrogen in a process called condensation or dehydration. Must have a reactive hydrogen and reactive OH on each molecule

20
Q

Structure of amino acid protein

A

Carbon atom (chiral center) bonded to a hydrogen atom plus an amino group, carboxyl group, and an R group

21
Q

What type of covalent bond links amino acids?

A

Peptide bonds

22
Q

What are two features of a peptide bond?

A

Particularly strong(resemble double bonds); resists rotation and provides rigid peptide backbone

23
Q

Process of protein synthesis is called _____

A

Translation

24
Q

Define monomeric and multimeric

A

single polypeptides vs multiple polypeptides

25
Q

Which structure can be used to predict higher level protein structures?

A

Primary structures (linear sequence of amino acids)

26
Q

What are the two shapes of Secondary Structure, and how are these decided?

A

Alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheets. Determined by hydrogen bonding within polypeptide

27
Q

What are motifs?

A

Specific short stretches of secondary structures. May have characteristic functions (catalytic, DNA binding)
Ex: hairpin loop, helix-loop-helix

28
Q

What is the overall structure of a mature polypeptide?

A

Tertiary structure

29
Q

What are protein domains?

A

Discrete, locally folded units of tertiary structure. Typically 50-350 amino acids long, with regions of a helices and b sheets packed together. Proteins with similar functions share common domains

30
Q

How are tertiary structures determined?

A

Complex intramolecular interactions. (Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, hydroPHOBIC interactions)

31
Q

What is quaternary structure and how is it determined?

A

Interaction of multiple polypeptide subunits to form multimeric protein. Determined by multiple type of INTERmolecular interactions

32
Q

What are two ways quaternary structure is used?

A

Cytoskeletal adhesion, regulation (catalytic, cellular signaling, immunological)

Cells and Tissues Tri 1 (4 decks)

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