Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the functions of proteins?
#1: structural components of cells #2: enzymes #3: other (haemoglobin, keratin)
What are the functions of Nucleic acids?
#1: DNA (genetic material/instructions to make proteins) #2: RNA (involved in making proteins) #3: ATP (energy for the cell)
What are the functions of Lipids?
#1: Long-term energy storage (triglycerides) #2: Make cell membranes (phospholipids) #3: Make hormones (steroids) #4: Make waterproof coatings on plants and animals (wax). #5: Cushioning, protection, vitamin absorption (non-polar vitamins)
What are the functions of Carbohydrates?
#1: energy source (glucose) #2: structure (cellulose) #3: cell-to-cell identification and communication
What is the monomer of Proteins?
Amino Acids
What is the monomer of Nucleic acids?
Nucleotide
What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide
What is the monomer of Lipids?
Monoglyceride
Bond for hydroxyl and hydroxyl
Ether
Bond for hydroxyl and carboxyl
Ester
Bond for Amino and carboxyl
Peptide
Macromolecule for Ester bonds
Lipids
Macromolecule for Ether bonds
Carbs
Macromolecule for peptide bonds
Proteins
Primary level of protein structure
Order of amino acids
Secondary level of protein structure
2D folding of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets
Tertiary level of protein structure
3D bends and kinks in secondary structure caused by interactions between R groups
Quaternary
Globular structure made from 2 or more polypeptide chains
Example of primary level of protein structure
Cystic fibrosis
Example of secondary level of protein structure
hair and spiderwebs
Example of tertiary level of protein structure
where denaturation starts
Example of quaternary level of protein structure
collagen and hemoglobin
Denaturation of proteins is caused by…
Change in temperature, ph, or ionic concentration.
