Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 1

#1: structural components of cells
#2: enzymes 
#3: other (haemoglobin, keratin)

Question 2

What are the functions of Nucleic acids?

Answer 2

#1: DNA (genetic material/instructions to make proteins)
#2: RNA (involved in making proteins)
#3: ATP (energy for the cell)

Question 3

What are the functions of Lipids?

Answer 3

#1: Long-term energy storage (triglycerides)
#2: Make cell membranes (phospholipids)
#3: Make hormones (steroids)
#4: Make waterproof coatings on plants and animals (wax).
#5: Cushioning, protection, vitamin absorption (non-polar vitamins)

Question 4

What are the functions of Carbohydrates?

Answer 4

#1: energy source (glucose)
#2: structure (cellulose)
#3: cell-to-cell identification and communication

Question 5

What is the monomer of Proteins?

Answer 5

Amino Acids

Question 6

What is the monomer of Nucleic acids?

Answer 6

Nucleotide

Question 7

What is the monomer of Carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Monosaccharide

Question 8

What is the monomer of Lipids?

Answer 8

Monoglyceride

Question 9

Bond for hydroxyl and hydroxyl

Answer 9

Ether

Question 10

Bond for hydroxyl and carboxyl

Answer 10

Ester

Question 11

Bond for Amino and carboxyl

Answer 11

Peptide

Question 12

Macromolecule for Ester bonds

Answer 12

Lipids

Question 13

Macromolecule for Ether bonds

Answer 13

Carbs

Question 14

Macromolecule for peptide bonds

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

Primary level of protein structure

Answer 15

Order of amino acids

Question 16

Secondary level of protein structure

Answer 16

2D folding of alpha helices and beta pleated sheets

Question 17

Tertiary level of protein structure

Answer 17

3D bends and kinks in secondary structure caused by interactions between R groups

Question 18

Quaternary

Answer 18

Globular structure made from 2 or more polypeptide chains

Question 19

Example of primary level of protein structure

Answer 19

Cystic fibrosis

Question 20

Example of secondary level of protein structure

Answer 20

hair and spiderwebs

Question 21

Example of tertiary level of protein structure

Answer 21

where denaturation starts

Question 22

Example of quaternary level of protein structure

Answer 22

collagen and hemoglobin

Question 23

Denaturation of proteins is caused by…

Answer 23

Change in temperature, ph, or ionic concentration.