Macromolecules Flashcards
What are the four classifications of macromolecules?
- carbohydrates
- proteins
- lipids
- nucleic acids
What are the subunits of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides or simple sugars
What is formed when two monosaccharides are bonded together?
A disaccharide.
What is a chain of simple sugars known as?
A polysaccharide.
What elements make up carbohydrates?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
What are the subunits of protein?
Amino acids
What are the functional groups of an amino acid?
the carboxyl group and the amino group
What type of bond is formed between amino acids?
A peptide bond.
What molecule is formed when amino acids bond together?
Water
How are carbohydrates used by living things?
They supply living things with energy and give structural support.
How are protein used by living things.
Protein are used to build cell structures and act as enzymes.
What molecules is formed when a chain of amino acids are bonded together?
A polypeptide
What elements are found in a fatty acid chain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
How does a saturated fatty acid differ from an unsaturated fatty acid?
A saturated fatty aids has only single bonds between carbon atoms and an unsaturated fatty acid has at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
Saturated fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms.
What type of lipids are found in the membrane of cells?
phospholipids
What does hydrophobic mean?
water fearing - moves away from water
What does hydrophilic mean?
water-loving - moves toward water
What molecules make up a triglyceride?
glycerol and three fatty acids
What elements make up lipid molecules?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What elements are found in protein?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
How are lipids used by living things?
Lipids are used to store energy and make up cell membranes.
What elements are found in nucleic acids?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus
What are type examples of nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
What are the subunits of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
What is the function of nucleic acids?
Nucleic acid contains hereditary information and the information to make all the proteins of a living thing.
What is an enzyme?
A special protein that helps a chemical reaction.
What conditions must be met for an enzyme to work correctly?
The temperature and pH must be correct or an enzyme will change shape and not work.
