Macromolecules Flashcards
Storage form of glucose in animals, mainly found in liver and muscles
Glycogen
Energy carrying molecule in cells
ATP
Building block of DNA and RNA, consist of a sugar, phosphate, and base
Nucleotide
Single unit that can join with others to form a polymer
Monomer
Tough, fibrous substance found in plant cell walls
Cellulose
Large, complex molecule made of amino acids, performs many functions in cells
Protein
Complex carbohydrate made of many glucose units, energy storage and plants
Starch
Building block of proteins, essential for life
Amino acid
Organic compound that includes sugars and starches, major source of energy
Carbohydrate
Acid large molecule that stored genetic information, includes DNA and RNA
Nucleic
Fat or fat like molecule, important for energy storage and cell membranes
Lipid
A kind of lipid with a carboxyl head and a nonpolar tail.
fatty acid
This is a simple sugar. (monomer)
Glucose
Carbohydrate make up the backbone of _______
DNA
Molecule that carries genetic instructions, stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers
Polymers
This is a complex carbohydrate
Glycogen, starch, or cellulose
These two kinds of cells in the human body contain most of our glycogen
Muscle and liver cells
In a phospholipid bilayer, the head is _____ and the tail is ______
Hydrophilic, hydrophobic
Two fatty acid tails joined by a polar head
Phospholipid
This lipid plays an important role in cell structure, specifically the cell membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
Mono acids are connected by
A peptide bond
How many amino acids are there?
20
A long chain of mono acids joined by a peptide bond is called
A polypeptide bond
The type of chemical bond throughout a polypeptide bond
Hydrogen bond
Why is it hard to define what a protein does?
Because they have so many functions
What are the four steps of protein folding?
Primary, secondary, territory, quartenary
Why is protein folding important?
A protein specific function is dependent on how it folds
ATP stands for
Adenine Triphosphate
A nucleotide consists of
A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base
The four types of nitrogenous basis in a nucleic acid are
A, G, C, T
Nucleic acids make up
Our genetic code, DNA
