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Macromolecules Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Storage form of glucose in animals, mainly found in liver and muscles

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

Energy carrying molecule in cells

A

ATP

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3
Q

Building block of DNA and RNA, consist of a sugar, phosphate, and base

A

Nucleotide

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4
Q

Single unit that can join with others to form a polymer

A

Monomer

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5
Q

Tough, fibrous substance found in plant cell walls

A

Cellulose

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6
Q

Large, complex molecule made of amino acids, performs many functions in cells

A

Protein

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7
Q

Complex carbohydrate made of many glucose units, energy storage and plants

A

Starch

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8
Q

Building block of proteins, essential for life

A

Amino acid

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9
Q

Organic compound that includes sugars and starches, major source of energy

A

Carbohydrate

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10
Q

Acid large molecule that stored genetic information, includes DNA and RNA

A

Nucleic

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11
Q

Fat or fat like molecule, important for energy storage and cell membranes

A

Lipid

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12
Q

A kind of lipid with a carboxyl head and a nonpolar tail.

A

fatty acid

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13
Q

This is a simple sugar. (monomer)

A

Glucose

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14
Q

Carbohydrate make up the backbone of _______

A

DNA

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15
Q

Molecule that carries genetic instructions, stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

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16
Q

Large molecule made up of repeating units called monomers

A

Polymers

17
Q

This is a complex carbohydrate

A

Glycogen, starch, or cellulose

18
Q

These two kinds of cells in the human body contain most of our glycogen

A

Muscle and liver cells

19
Q

In a phospholipid bilayer, the head is _____ and the tail is ______

A

Hydrophilic, hydrophobic

20
Q

Two fatty acid tails joined by a polar head

A

Phospholipid

21
Q

This lipid plays an important role in cell structure, specifically the cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer

22
Q

Mono acids are connected by

A

A peptide bond

23
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

24
Q

A long chain of mono acids joined by a peptide bond is called

A

A polypeptide bond

25
Q

The type of chemical bond throughout a polypeptide bond

A

Hydrogen bond

26
Q

Why is it hard to define what a protein does?

A

Because they have so many functions

27
Q

What are the four steps of protein folding?

A

Primary, secondary, territory, quartenary

28
Q

Why is protein folding important?

A

A protein specific function is dependent on how it folds

29
Q

ATP stands for

A

Adenine Triphosphate

30
Q

A nucleotide consists of

A

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base

31
Q

The four types of nitrogenous basis in a nucleic acid are

A

A, G, C, T

32
Q

Nucleic acids make up

A

Our genetic code, DNA

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