Macromolecules Flashcards
What type of compounds primarily contain carbon?
Organic compounds.
What rule states that atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 in their outer shell?
The octet rule
How many covalent bonds can carbon form?
Four covalent bonds.
What is a compound?
A substance made up of atoms from two or more elements.
What holds atoms together in a chemical bond?
Attractive forces.
Name three structural forms of carbon molecules.
Straight chain, branched chain, and ring.
What are functional groups?
Groups of atoms that give a compound special properties.
Name the four common functional groups.
Hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate groups.
What is a monomer?
A small building block or subunit of a polymer.
Define polymer.
A large molecule made up of repeating monomers.
What process breaks down complex molecules using water?
Hydrolysis
What reaction links monomers to form polymers?
Condensation reaction.
What is a macromolecule?
A very large polymer.
Name three common monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
What is the primary use of carbohydrates?
Energy for cells
What is the general ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in carbohydrates?
1:2:1 ratio
What are monosaccharides?
Simple sugars and the monomers of carbohydrates.
What is a disaccharide?
A molecule formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.
Give an example of a disaccharide.
Glucose + fructose.
What polysaccharide is stored in animals’ muscles and liver?
Glycogen.
What are polysaccharides?
Complex carbohydrates made from three or more monosaccharides.
Name the two forms of starch found in plants.
Highly branched chains and long, coiled unbranched chains.
What polysaccharide gives plants rigidity?
Cellulose
How many different amino acids are there?
20
