Macromolecules Flashcards
What are Macromolecules?
Large organic molecules that are found in all living things.
What are Monomers?
The small, basic unit (ex. a brick)
What are Polymers?
Complex structure made of monomers (ex. a brick house)
What are the four types of Macromolecules?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Lipids
3) Proteins
4) Nucleic Acids
What is the main function of a Carbohydrate?
short-term ENERGY
What are the other uses of Carbohydrates?
Structure/Support
Where is Carbohydrate found?
Sugar and starch (Breads, pastas, fruits, and veggies)
What are the two types of Carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides
What are Monosaccharides?
A type of Carbohydrate that is a single sugar molecule
What are Polysaccharides?
A type of Carbohydrate that are large molecules formed by many monosaccharides
What are examples of Monosaccharides?
Glucose, Glacatose, Fructose
What are examples of Polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose
What is the main function of Lipids?
Lipids are long-term Energy storage
What are the other uses of Lipids?
Crushing organs, insulation, hormones, and cell membranes.
Where are Lipids found?
Fats, oils, phospholipids, Steroids
What is the monomer of Lipids?
Fatty acids
What are the polymers of Lipids?
Fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, hormones
When the body runs out of carbs, what happens to the Lipids?
The Lipids will break down to gain energy.
What are Proteins?
The most diverse and abundant macromolecule in your body. (Eggs, nuts, milk, meat)
What is the last thing that your body will break down to use as energy?
Proteins
What is the monomer of Proteins?
Animo Acids
What is the polymer of Proteins
Polypeptide / A chain of amino acids
What are the five functions of Proteins?
1) Enzymes control the rate of chemical reactions
2) Hormones regulate cell processes (ex. Insulin)
3) Used to form bones and muscles (ex. Collagen)
4) Transport substances in and out of cells (ex. Hemoglobin)
5) Antibodies help fight diseases
6) Food source
What is the importance of Folding?
The shape of the protein determines what it does
What is the main function of Nucleic Acids?
It stores and transmits genetic information
What are examples of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
Where do you get Nucleic Acids from?
You get them from your parents
What is the structure of Nucleic Acids? (Monomers)
Monomers = nucleotides
What are the examples of structured Nucleic Acids
A, G, T, C, U
What is in a Nucleic Acid structure?
1) 5-carbon sugar
2) Phosphate group
3) Nitrogenous base
What is the structure of Nucleic Acids? (Polymers)
Polymers = Nucleic Acid
