Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the characteristics of carbon that make possible the building of wide variety of organic molecules?

Answer 1

• can form four different bonds with other carbon atoms or other atoms
• form unique 3-D shapes
• can form strong and stable bonds
• can bond with a wide variety or other elements and functional groups
• no limit to size of the molecule
• carbon compounds do not readily dissociate in water

Question 2

What are the four basic building blocks?

Answer 2

• carbohydrates
• proteins
• nucleic acid
• lipid

Question 3

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 3

important for structural support, cell identity and energy storage

Question 4

What are carbohydrates composed of?

Answer 4

C, O, H

Question 5

What are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

monosaccharides

Question 6

What are the polymers of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

polysaccharides

Question 7

What is the bond for carbohydrates?

Answer 7

glycosiaic bond

Question 8

What are proteins?

Answer 8

polymers made up of amino acids (monomers)

Question 9

What are the two forms of amino acids?

Answer 9

non-ionized and ionized

Question 10

What are the different parts of an amino acid?

Answer 10

1. H bond
2. R group
3. Amino group
4. Carboxyl group
5. Carbon atom

Question 11

What is the R group?

Answer 11

determines chemical nature of amino acid within its protein
- electrically charged side chains
- polar side chains
- nonpolar side chains

Question 12

What are amino acids joined by?

Answer 12

peptide bonds formed by dehydration reaction

Question 13

What is a dipeptide?

Answer 13

2 amino acids together

Question 14

What are the four levels of proteins structure?

Answer 14

1. primary
2. secondary
3. tertiary
4. quaternary

Question 15

What is the primary structure of protein?

Answer 15

sequence of amino acids

Question 16

What is the secondary structure of protein?

Answer 16

hydrogen bonding with backbone atoms forming either alpha helix or beta pleated sheets

Question 17

What is the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 17

folding due to R group interactions and forming 3D shape

Question 18

What is the process during the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 18

• H bonds between two R groups and H and EN atoms
• hydrophobic + van der waals interactions
• disulfide bond
• ionic bond

Question 19

What is the quaternary structure of protein?

Answer 19

multiple subunits interacting and involves more than one polypeptide