Macromolecules

Question 1

What are macromolecules?

Answer 1

is a very large molecule built up from smaller chemical structures.

Question 2

What is the purpose of macromolecules?

Answer 2

is to provide you (as well as other organisms) with the building blocks to maintain homeostasis.

Question 3

What is homeostasis?

Answer 3

a state of balance among the body systems needed for the body to survive and function.

Question 4

What is a polymer?

Answer 4

it is a long chain of repeating molecular subunits, or building blocks called monomers.

Question 5

What is a monomer?

Answer 5

is a smaller molecule that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a large polymer chain.

Question 6

What is the ratio of molecules in carbohydrates?

Answer 6

1:2:1 (1 carbon, 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen)

Question 7

What is the purpose of carbohydrates?

Answer 7

is a fast source of energy for living organisms.

Question 8

What are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 8

Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), protein, and nucleic acids

Question 9

What are carbohydrates also referred to as?

Answer 9

Saccharides (sugar)

Question 10

What are the monomers for carbs?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides (one sugar)

Question 11

What is it called when monosaccharides form together?

Answer 11

They form polysaccharides (many sugars)

Question 12

What molecules are found in saccharides?

Answer 12

C, O, H (Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen)

Question 13

What are lipids?

Answer 13

Molecules that include fats, oils, waxes, and cholesterol

Question 14

What are the functions of the lipids?

Answer 14

Long-term energy sources, and insulation, form part of the cell’s structure

Question 15

What is the monomer for lipids?

Answer 15

Fatty acids & glycerol

Question 16

What are fatty acids made from?

Answer 16

Chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

Question 17

What is the polymer of lipids?

Answer 17

Triglyceride

Question 18

What are the parts in some lipids that make up the cell membrane?

Answer 18

Phosphate group, glycerol, 2 fatty acids (makes phospholipid)

Question 19

What are proteins?

Answer 19

A macromolecule composed of many peptide-bonded amino acids.

Question 20

What is the monomer for proteins?

Answer 20

Amino acid

Question 21

What is the polymer of proteins?

Answer 21

Protein/polypeptide

Question 22

What are proteins made up off?

Answer 22

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (and sometimes sulfur)

Question 23

What holds amino acids together to from a protein?

Answer 23

Peptide bond

Question 24

What are the functions of proteins?

Answer 24

Moves things out of the cell (supports defense control), structural support, metabolism

Question 25

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 25

Nucleic acids are large macromolecules made from nucleotides

Question 26

What elements make up a nucleic acid?

Answer 26

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 27

What is the monomer for nucleic acids?

Answer 27

Nucleotide

Question 28

What is the polymer of nucleic acids?

Answer 28

DNA & RNA

Question 29

What are the 3 parts of a nucleic acid?

Answer 29

Sugar, phosphate group (pentose sugar), and nitrogenous base

Question 30

Examples of carbohydrates

Answer 30

Breads, pastas, fibres, starches

Question 31

Examples of lipids

Answer 31

Butter, fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol

Question 32

Examples of proteins

Answer 32

Meats, eggs, nuts, beans