Macromolecules

Question 1

The most important energy source for cells

Answer 1

Carbohydrates 

Question 2

What are monosaccharides? 

Answer 2

Single sugar units 

Question 3

Three most common sugars utilized by cells for energy and structural purposes

Answer 3

 glucose, fructose, and galactose

Question 4

What are disaccharides?

Answer 4

 formed by linking to monosaccharides

Question 5

The reaction that joins two sugar units together

Answer 5

Dehydration synthesis 

Question 6

Three common disaccharides include

Answer 6

 Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Question 7

Formed by linking many sugar units together

Answer 7

 Polysaccharides 

Question 8

Three common polysaccharides

Answer 8

Starch, glycogen, and cellulose

Question 9

Storage polysaccharides 

Answer 9

Starch and glycogen

Question 10

Function of starch 

Answer 10

The storage carbohydrate in plants formed by linking many glucose units using dehydration synthesis structure is branched

Question 11

Function of glycogen

Answer 11

The storage carbohydrate in animals

Question 12

Where is glycogen stored?

Answer 12

In liver and muscle

Question 13

What promotes the storage of glucose?

Answer 13

Insulin

Question 14

What promotes the release of glucose

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

Structural polysaccharides

Answer 15

Cellulose and chitin

Question 16

What is cellulose?

Answer 16

The structural component of the plant cell wall

Question 17

How is cellulose formed?

Answer 17

It is formed from glucose monomers connected by dehydration synthesis

Question 18

What’s another thing for cellulose in our diet?

Answer 18

Fibre or roughage

Question 19

What is chitin

Answer 19

The structural component in the exoskeleton of arthropods, it is found in fungal cell wall

Question 20

Are lipids hydrophobic

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What does hydrophobic mean?

Answer 21

 are insoluble in water

Question 22

What are lipids soluble in?

Answer 22

Oil and nonpolar substances

Question 23

What are fats?

Answer 23

Are triglycerides made by dehydration synthesis of glycerol, and three fatty acids

Question 24

Functions of fats

Answer 24

 energy storage insulation cell membrane, structure, hormone production, absorption of fat soluble, vitamins, protection of organs

Question 25

Glycerol

Answer 25

A three carbon alcohol, each of whose carbons bar hydroxyl group the three seas from the backbone of the fat molecule to which three fatty acids are jointed

Question 26

Fatty acids

Answer 26

Tails important building blocks of lipids

Question 27

Two types of fatty acids

Answer 27

 saturated, lipids, and unsaturated lipids

Question 28

Saturated lipids

Answer 28

Contain the maximum possible hydrogen atom, no double bonds straight chains mostly animal sources solid at room temperature. Examples could be bacon grease lard.

Question 29

Unsaturated lipids

Answer 29

 oils missing one or more hydrogen atoms, resulting in double bonds, which caused the change to kink or bend mostly plant sourced liquid at room temperature because kinks prevent closed packing of molecules. Examples could be canola oil peanut oil.

Question 30

Other lipids include

Answer 30

Phospholipids, waxes and steroids

Question 31

Phospholipids

Answer 31

In a triglyceride, one fatty acid is replaced with a phosphate the negative charges of the phosphate make the head of the phospholipid hydrophilic the long hydrocarbon tail is nonpolar, and therefore hydrophobic

Question 32

Waxes

Answer 32

Long chain lipids, joint to an alcohol or carbon ring function in waterproofing, examples, plant, cuticles, and feathers

Question 33

Steroids

Answer 33

Display characteristics for interconnected rings cholesterol is the precursor for most steroids and is an important component in the cell membrane

Question 34

The primary, structural and functional components of cells

Answer 34

Protein

Question 35

Are associated with every structure in the cell and are involved in almost every cellular activity

Answer 35

Protein

Question 36

Predominant kind of molecule found in cell 50% of the dry weight of living matter is what

Answer 36

Protein

Question 37

Despite their diverse function, all have the same basic structure along polymer chain of amino acids subunits linked to end

Answer 37

Protein

Question 38

Uses of protein

Answer 38

Support – collagen, elastin, and keratin Storage of amino acids – ovalbumin,casein Transport – hemoglobin Communication hormones – insulin neurotransmitters – dopamine Receptors – cell memory proteins Movement – actin, myosin Defence – antibodies Reaction – enzymes

Question 39

Components of proteins

Answer 39

Amino acids and poly peptides f

Question 40

Amino acids

Answer 40

The building blocks of proteins While there are many amino acids in nature only 20 are used in protein

Question 41

General structure of amino acids

Question 42

General structure of amino acids

Answer 42

Amino group {NH2} a carboxyl “acid” group {COOH} an h atom all bonded to a central c atom

Question 43

Peptides 

Answer 43

Peptide bonds – the “glue” that binds the amino acids