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biology 11 > Macromolecules > Flashcards

Macromolecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Macromolecules are large_________ molecules

A

organic

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2
Q

Macromolecules are also called

A

polymers

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3
Q

Macromolecules are made up of smaller “building blocks” called

A

monomers

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4
Q

Biological Molecules are:

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acid
Proteins

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5
Q

Cells connect monomers to make macromolecules by a process called condensation or

A

Dehydration synthesis (removing a molecule of water)

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6
Q

Cells break down macromolecules into monomers by a process called

A

Hydrolysis (adding a molecule of water)

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7
Q

__________, this can range in size from small sugar molecules to large strands of sugar molecules bonded together

A

Carbohydrates

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8
Q

A solution or indicator that turns green, yellow, orange, or red when heated

A

Benedict’s solution

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9
Q

Elements Used to Form Carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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10
Q

called simple sugars

A

Monosaccharide

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11
Q

3 sugar structural isomers

A

glucose
galactose
fructose

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12
Q

sugar found in sports drinks

A

glucose

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13
Q

sugar called “milk sugar”

A

galactose

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14
Q

sugar found in fruits

A

fructose

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15
Q

In aqueous solutions, Monosaccharide forms_______ to be stable

A

ring structures

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16
Q

Made of two sugar molecules joined together

A

Disaccharide

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17
Q

Polysaccharide also called as

A

complex carbohydrates

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18
Q

________ of monosaccharide chains

A

polymers

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19
Q

3 types of polysaccharides

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose
chitin

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20
Q

when detected in an iodine indicator that turns dark blue or black

A

Starch

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21
Q

animals store excess sugar in form of

A

glycogen

22
Q

most abundant organic compound on Earth
the structural component of plants
dietary fiber

A

Cellulose

23
Q

chitin is made of ________ linked together in a chain

A

glucose subunits

24
Q

lipids are ________ “water fearing”

A

hydrophobic

25
Q

types of lipids

A

fats
waxes
steroids
oils
triglycerides

26
Q

Lipids are composed of

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

27
Q

6 functions of lipids

A

-long-term energy storage
- protection against heat loss (insulation)
- protection against water loss
- protection against physical shock
- chemical messengers (hormones)
- major components of membranes (phospholipids)

28
Q

A long chain of hydrogen and carbon make up this.

A

Fatty acids

29
Q

Types of fatty acids

A

Saturated Fatty Acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid

30
Q

Indicator that turns in a variety of colors in the presence of lipids

A

Sudan

31
Q

Cell membranes are made of this

A

Phospholipids

32
Q

Phospholipids have a head that is polar and attract water

A

Hydrophilic

33
Q

Phospholipids have 2 tails that are nonpolar and do not attract water

A

Hydrophobic

34
Q

Carbon skeleton of steroids is bent to form 4 fused rings

A

Steroids

35
Q

Is the “base steroids” from which your body produces other steroids

A

Cholesterol

36
Q

Proteins are composed of what elements

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

37
Q

Monomer of proteins

A

Amino acids

38
Q

Functions of proteins

A
  • Essential to life
  • builds structure
  • movements makes up muscle tissue
  • transport, carries oxygen in an organism (hemoglobin)
  • immunity, helps fight off foreign invaders
  • enzymes, speeds up chemical reactions
  • energy source, 1 gram = 4 kcal of energy)
39
Q

Polymer: peptide

A

Has peptide bond and covalent bonding links

40
Q

Peptides has 4 shapes

A

Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quartenary structure

41
Q

Specific sequence of amino acids in a protein

A

Primary structure (polypeptide)

42
Q

Occurs when protein chains coil (helix) or fold (pleated)

A

Secondary protein structure

43
Q

when lrotein chains called polypeptide join together and R groups interact with each other

A

Tertiary Structure

44
Q

Composed of 2 or more subunits

A

Quartenary Structure

45
Q

Proteins act as a biological catalyst or enzymes

A

enzymatic activity

46
Q

The enzyme contains an opening called

A

Activation (active) site

47
Q

this site is specific for the object it will hold

A

substrate

48
Q

Two types of Nucleic Acid

A

DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid (double helix)
RNA- Ribonucleic acid (single strand)

49
Q

Nucleic acid are composed of long chains of (monomers)

A

Nucleotides

50
Q

Nucleic acid is composed of 5 elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus

51
Q

Nucleotides include:

A

A phosphate group
A pentose sugar (5-carbon)
A nitrogenous base
Adenine
Thymine(DNA only)
Uracil (RNA only)
Cytosine
Guanine

biology 11 (1 decks)

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