Macromolecules Flashcards
Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen
organic compounds
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, (sulfur)
Elements in macromolecules
a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer
Polymerization
disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose)
Carbohydrate dimer
A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.
starch
butter, oil
Lipids in food
store and transmit genetic information
nucleic acid function
nucleotide
nucleic acid monomer
A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers
Monomer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
Polymer
A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.
dehydration synthesis
Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
Hydrolysis
immediate energy source, short term storage
Carbohydrate function in the body
immediate energy source, short term storage
Breads, Cereals, Pasta, Rice, Potato’s and Bananas
Carbohydrate food sources
sugars
Saccharides
storage form of glucose in animals
Glycogen
fats, oils, waxes
Lipids examples
long term energy storage, cell membrane, insulation
Lipids function
glycerol and fatty acids
Lipid monomer
A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds, thus maximizing the number of hydrogen atoms that can attach to the carbon skeleton.
saturated fatty acid
hemoglobin, enzymes, insulin, muscles, nails, hair
Protein examples
nuts, meat, milk, cheese
Proteins food sources
phosphodiester bond
nucleic acid bond
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1:2:1)
Carbohydrates (elements)
monosaccharide (Ex: glucose)
carbohydrate monomer
polysaccharide (starch, cellulose, glycogen)
carbohydrate polymer
Carbohydrate component of plant cell walls
Cellulose
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Lipids elements
glycosidic bond
Carbohydrate bond
ester bond
Lipids Bond Type
A fatty acid possessing one or more double bonds between the carbons in the hydrocarbon tail. Such bonding reduces the number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon skeleton.
unsaturated fatty acid
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
Protein elements
structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances
protein functions
amino acids
Protein monomer
peptide bond
Protein bond
Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things
Enzymes
DNA and RNA
nucleic acids example
monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
Nucleotide
