Macromolecules

Question 1

Catabolic

Answer 1

• Large chemical broken into smaller ones

Question 2

Anabolic

Answer 2

• Complex chemicals built from smaller ones

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

• Metabolism is the process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy

Question 4

Lymphatic Systems

Answer 4

• Helps control fluid balance, defends against disease and absorbs fat (Lymphatic)

Question 5

Acidic

Answer 5

• pH under 7

• Hydrogen (H+)

Question 6

Basic (alkaline)

Answer 6

• pH over 7

• Hydroxide (OH-)

Question 7

Monomers

Answer 7

Small molecule;

Glucose
Glucose + Galactose
Glucose + Glucose
Glucose + Fructose

Question 8

Polysaccharide

Answer 8

• Carbohydrates (startch)

Question 9

Disaccharides

Answer 9

Glucose = Carbohydrates
Glucose + Galactose = Lactose
Glucose + Glucose = Maltose
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose

Question 10

Enzymes

Answer 10

(end with ‘‘ase’’)

Amylase
Lactase
Maltase
Sucrase

Question 11

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 11

dehydration = remove water

CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH
\ / ——-> \ / + H₂0
OH HO O

Glucose + Glucose Maltose + Water

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

hydrolysis = water cut

CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH CH₂OH
\ / + H₂O ——-> \ /
O OH HO

         Maltose                   +          Water                            Glucose         +         Glucose

Question 13

Biochemical Testing

Answer 13

used to identify the presence of a macromolecule

 Indicator    │     macro-molecule     │     -test    │    +test   │
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Benedict    │      Simple Carbs         │    Blue      │ Yellow/Green/Orange/Red│

Lugol iodine│ Complex Carbs │ Gold/Yellow│ Black│

Biuret Solution│ Protein │ Blue │ Violet/Black│

  Sudan III    │            Lipid                 │  Light Pink │ Reddish-Orange │

Brown paper │ Lipid │ No oily residue│ Oily residue (translucent)

Question 14

Protein shapes : Primary Structure

Answer 14

• Linear structure (“string of beads”)

• Molecular Biology: each type of protein has a unique primary structure chain of amino acids

Question 15

Protein shapes: Secondary Structure

Answer 15

• Conformation: coils & folds (difference in hydrogen bonds)
Alpha Helix: coiling; keratin

• Hair is long strands of polypeptide chains called keratin. The disulfide bridges between the chains determine the “waviness” of the hair

Question 16

Protein shapes : Tertiary & Quaternary Structure

Answer 16

• Tertiary: irregular contortions from R group bonding (chains and branches on amino acid)

• Quaternary: 2 or more polypeptide structures aggregated into 1 macromolecule