Macromolecules

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Biomolecules are made up of sugars and polymers of sugars, in addition to starches.

Question 2

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

A monosaccharide, in other words, glucose.

Question 3

What is the general structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

C6H12O6

Question 4

What is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

Quick fuel, energy production, energy storage, building macromolecules, sparing protein, and assisting in lipid metabolism

Question 5

What chemical test can be used to detect carbohydrates?

Answer 5

Solutions that can detect monosaccharides and polysaccharides such as iodine and benedicts solution, which change color.

Question 6

What are lipids?

Answer 6

fats, oils, and waxes. Fatty acids or derivatives. Soluble to nonpolar products.

Question 7

What are the monomers of lipids?

Answer 7

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

What are the different kinds of lipids?

Answer 8

Fats (triglycerides- energy), phospholipids (cell membranes), and steroids (for cell communications)

Question 9

What is the one common property of all lipids?

Answer 9

They are hydrophobic

Question 10

What is the general structure of lipids?

Answer 10

Glycerol back bone, 2 fatty acid tails- which makes them hydrophobic, and a phosphate group- hydrophilic

Question 11

What are some functions of lipids?

Answer 11

energy storage, make up cell membranes, cell communication

Question 12

What chemical test can be used to detect lipids?

Answer 12

emulsion test, presence of lipids using wet chemistry, the procedure is for the sample to be suspended in ethanol, allowing lipids present to dissolve (lipids are soluble in alcohols), alcohol with dissolved fat is then decanted into water. Since lipids do not dissolve in water while ethanol does, when the ethanol is diluted, it falls out of the solution to give a cloudy white emulsion.

Question 13

What are proteins?

Answer 13

polymers of amino acids, Building blocks of cells, dictated by structure.

Question 14

What are the monomers of proteins ?

Answer 14

Monomers are Amino Acids.

Question 15

What is the general structure of amino acids?

Answer 15

Carboxylic acid group + amine acid group, bonded with carbon, connected to hydrogen and an R group (individual variable). Central carbon is connected to Nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen. All nitrogen’s being connected to two hydrogens, and the carbon off of the central carbon is double bonded to an oxygen and bonded to a hydroxide ion.

Question 16

What makes each amino acid unique?

Answer 16

Their R group.

Question 17

What are some functions of proteins?

Answer 17

structural support, storage, transport, cellular communications, movement, and defense against foreign substances

Question 18

What chemical test can be used to detect proteins?

Answer 18

Biuret’s reagent can be used. Biuret’s reagent will change color from blue to blue-violet in the presence of protein. Finds the nitrogen in the liquid.

Question 19

What are enzymes?

Answer 19

the specific type of protein that serves as a biological catalyst and speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Question 20

How do they work?

Answer 20

gives the location for the reaction, lowers the activation energy, and speeds up the rate of reaction. Finds their designated substrate and breaks them apart.

Question 21

What happens to enzymes when their environment changes?

Answer 21

it denatures and is no longer able to function. Loses structure.

Question 22

Polymers

Answer 22

long chains made up of repeating molecular subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. Carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and proteins are often found as long polymers in nature. Often called Macromolecules.

Question 23

Monomers

Answer 23

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.

Question 24

hydrolosis

Answer 24

use water to break large molecules

Question 25

dehydration synthesis

Answer 25

removes water and uses covalent bonds to form large molecules.