Macrofossils: Molluscs and brachiopods Flashcards

1
Q

What clade are Brachiopods in?

A

Lophotrochozoans

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the brachiopod pedicle valve?

A

The overlap that contains the pedicle foramen (hole on the overlap), a fleshy stalk that attaches most brachiopods to the sea floor

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3
Q

Where are brachiopods found?

A

Cryptic and deepwater habitats

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4
Q

What are brachiopods the sister group to?

A

Bryozoa

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5
Q

What are brachiopods?

A

Twin valve shellfish that filter feed. Have a tabular structure to attach to the substrate. Top and bottom shell are different sizes.

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6
Q

Which valve does not contain the pedicle foramen?

A

Brachial valve

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7
Q

What organ do brachiopods use for filter feeding?

A

Lophophore

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8
Q

What are Linguliformea?

A

A subphylum of inarticulate brachiopods

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9
Q

What characterises a mollusc?

A

The mantle, a fold of skin covering the dorsal surface to protect the gills in the mantle cavity. The outer surface secretes the shell.

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10
Q

What groups are included in the Mollusc phylum?

A

Ammonoids, cephalopods, gastopods

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11
Q

Where are modern molluscs found?

A

All depths of water, salt water and fresh water, land.

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12
Q

What do molluscs typically have?

A

Unsegmented, calcium carbonate shells, a head with sensory organs and a radula (feeding organ), foot (sole-like structure), mantle.

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13
Q

What happened to molluscs (esp. Bivalvia) and brachiopods are the P-T extinction?

A

Evolutionary arms race that led to bivalves becoming main filter feeder on the sea floor

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14
Q

What can disarticulated shells be used for?

A

As a younging indicator

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15
Q

What is the name of the separate shell of a cephalopod?

A

Phramocone

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16
Q

Define siphuncle

A

Long tube in cephalopods with external shells. Release gases into unoccupied chambers to maintain buoyancy.

17
Q

What is the line formed where the septa intersects with the outer shell.

A

Suture line

18
Q

What is the name of the coils in a molluscan shell?

A

Whorl

19
Q

Describe bivalves

A

Shell is always aragonite (CaCO3), plane of symmetry parallel to where shells meet, sensory organs concentrated on mantle margins. Left and right valve meet dorsally on hinge line.