Macroanatomy Flashcards
What’s the difference between a sulcus and a fissure?
- If you can fit your fingernail in the valley it’s a sulcus
- but if you can get your finger in it it’s a fissure
What are the labels?
a) Fissure (deeper than a sulcus)
b) Gyrus (plural gyri)
c) sulcus (plural sulci)
Which of these labels point to white matter?
Describe white matter.
a)
Medullary centre
Axons (mostly myelinated) and their support cells
Which label is grey matter?
What is grey matter?
b)
Huge numbers of neurons, cell processes, synapses and support cells
Can you get grey matter deep in the brain?
Or just around the outside?
Yes it is also deep in the brain
What causes the ‘H-shaped’ area in a histological slice of the spinal cord?
It’s the grey matter
What are each of the following areas called?
- Blue areas
- Red areas
- Purple area
- Lateral column
- Anterior column
- Posterior horn of grey matter
What are the following labels
a) corpus callosum
b) internal capsule
c) lateral ventricle
d) thalamus
e) longtidunal fissure
f) 3rd ventricle
What are these labels?
a) Putamen
b) Globus Pallidus
c) Lentiform Nucleus
What are these labels?
a) parieto-occipatal sulcus
b) cingulate sulcus
c) cingulate gyrus
d) calcarine sulcus
e) cerebellum
f) midbrain
g) pons
h) medulla
i) brainstem
What are these labels?
a) corpus callosum
b) fornix
What are these labels?
a) interthalamic adhesion
b) pineal gland
c) 4th ventricle
d) central canal
e) hypothalamus
f) thalamus and 3rd ventricle
g) interventricular foramen
Describe the anatomical location of the frontal lobe in relation to sulci
Frontal lobe is anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus
Describe the anatomical location of the parietal lobe in relation to sulci
Parietal lobe is
- posterior to the central sulcus
- superior to the lateral sulcus (and a backward extension of it)
- and anterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch
Describe the anatomical location of the occipital lobe
The occipital lobe is
- posterior to a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch
Describe the anatomical location of the temporal lobe
The temporal lobe is
- inferior to the lateral sulcus (and a line extending the lateral sulcus posteriorly)
- and posteriorly by a line from the parieto-occipital sulcus and the preoccipital notch
State what you’re looking at
and label…
It’s a medial view of a the lobes of the cerebral hemisphere
From top to bottom:
Parieto-occipital sulcus (fissure)
Calcarine sulcus
Cerebellum
Central canal
State what you’re looking at and label…
It’s a lateral view of the cerebral hemisphere
Lobes:
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
and temporal
Other parts of anatomy (left to right):
- parieto-occipital sulcus
- central sulcus
- pre-occipital notch
- lateral suclus
Draw on your head where the longitudinal cerebral fissure would be found
How many lobes are there in a cerebral hemisphere?
FIVE
The fifth lobe is not obvious from the outside of the brain
a.k.a the insular lobe or insula
Insula has an important role to play in the patient’s experience of pain
What are the meninges?
Three layers (from superficial to deep):
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
- subarachnoid space (contains cerebrospinal fluid)
Pia mater
What layer of the meninges is shown here?
Dura mater
(literally means tough mother)
What does this image show?
What does it help represent?
On the left the dura AND arachnoid have been removed
On the right only the dura has been removed allowing you to see the arachnoid layer!
NB: looks like a spider’s web laid across it
NB 2: Note how pia mater follows every indentation unlike the arachnoid which just lays on top- this creates the subarachnoid space!!
Describe the location of the cerebellum in relation to the cerebrum
the cerebellum sits posteriorly and inferiorly
Label the following
a) Precentral gyrus
b) Central sulcus
c) Postcentral gyrus
d) Lateral fissure
e) Pons
f) Medulla (the “bulb”)
g) Cerebellum
Label the lobes of the cerebellum
Anterior Lobe, Posterior Lobe and Flocculus
What do labels a) and b) represent?
a) Primary fissue
b) Horizontal Fissure
Label the following parts of the cranium
a) Falx Cerebri
b) Tentorium Cerebelli
c) Posterior Cranial Fossa
d) Falx Cerebelli
Label the following
Orange: Saggital sinus
Yellow: Falx cerebri
Red: Corpus callosum
Black: Cerebellum
What attaches the cerebellum to the brainstem?
The cerebellum is attached to the brainstem
VIA 3 STALKS
termed Peduncles
How many peduncles are there attaching the cerebellum and the brainstem?
And what are they called?
three
Superior peduncle
Middle peduncle
Inferior peduncle
Point out the middle peduncle
Bonus points for superior and inferior peduncles
Where is the “tree of life” found?
And what is it & what does it mean?
In cerebellum
Deep grey matter of cerebellum (eq. of brain’s gyri)
NB: the huge core of white matter but embedded within it are some grey matter which are referred to as the deep cerebellar nuclei
(Google for a picture and also note the “root” is the anterior aspect and the branches are posterior)
