Macro Nutrients Flashcards
Function of vitamin A
Mucous membrane health
Retinal, skin and bone health
Vital for immune system and reproduction
Stored in liver
Deficiency in carbohydrates
No related issues
As carbs are broken down into simple sugars, if they are unavailable.. the body can use protein as a substitute energy source
Deficiency in vitamin E
Cat- lead to pansteatitis
Dog- skin disease
Affect muscle fat and reproductive ability
Excess in carbohydrates
As carbohydrates are stored as fat within the cells, it accumulates under the skin and around the organs which places great pressure of vital organs and can lead to obesity
Function of vitamin K
Assists in blood clotting
Vitamin A sources
Fish oil
Liver
Egg
Cereal
(FLEC)
Excess of vitamin D
Mineralisation of soft tissue
Damage to kidneys
Organ dysfunction
Hypervitaminosis D can lead to toxicity
Excess vitamin B
No effect as water soluble
Deficiency in vitamin D
Rickets
Malformed bones and teeth
Excess in vitamin K
Anaemia
Deficiency in vitamin B
Poor appetite and metabolism
Function of vitamin C
Important for wound healing, immunity, skin and blood vessel health
Acts as a co factor in many metabolism functions, especially atp metabolism
Excess fat in the diet?
Leads to obesity
Puts pressure on organs as fat is stored around them
Excess in vitamin A
Causes toxicity
Bone defects in vertebrae
Anorexia and weakness
May even lead to DEATH
Vitamin D sources
Fish oils
Liver
Egg yolk
Cereals
Vitamin K sources
Green leafy vegetables
Developed in the intestines
Deficiency in vitamin A
Increased susceptibility to infection
Failing vision
Leads to weakness
What are the main sources of carbohydrates for animals ?
Maize
Oats
Rice
Cereals
Sources of protein in the diet?
Beans
Red meat
Oily fish
Poultry
Pulses
Soya
Function of carbohydrates
Bulls up the diet
Provides heat and maintains body temperature
Provides power - enables the animal to carry out bodily functions
Used as a short term energy source, stored in the liver as glycogen
Aids gut mobility
Function of vitamin D
Regulates calcium and phosphorus
Aids mineralisation
Regulates bone growth and repair
Protein deficiency
Poor growth and weight loss Poor recovery Muscle wasting Increased susceptibility to disease Poor coat condition General lethargy
Function of fat in the diet?
Controls water loss through skin
Improves the taste of food
Supplies the most energy compared to protein and carbohydrates although it’s very concentrated energy
Aids the absorption, transportation and storage of fat soluble vitamins
Provides essential fatty acids
Important for skin and cell health, wound healing and reproduction
Deficiency in vitamin C
Affects wound healing and poor collagen manufacture
Deficiency in vitamin K
Blood clotting issues
What are the main sources of fat in an animals diet?
Animal fat
Vegetable oils
Oily fish
Dairy products
Nuts
Red meat
Vitamin E sources
Vegetable oils
Egg
Nuts
Seeds
Deficiency of fat in the diet?
Reproduction problems
Poor coat condition
Dry skin
Impaired wound healing
Excess of vitamin C
No effect as water soluble
Excess in vitamin E
High doses tolerated well
Unlikely to cause toxicity
Excess protein
Cannot be stored
Converted by liver to energy and waste
Removed from kidneys
Puts a strain on kidneys and liver
Function of vitamin E
Prevents fat going rancid
Antioxidant
Reproduction
Supports tissues and cells around body
(PARS)
Source of vitamin C
Glucose
Citrus fruits
Potatoes
Liver
Yeast
Broccoli (Green veg, created in the body)
Function of protein
Growth
Repair (damaged tissues and maintenance)
Reproduction
Energy
Lactation
Transports nutrients
Storage and transportation of oxygen within muscles
Vitamin B functions
Vital for metabolism of macro nutrients
Important for metabolic functions
Skin health and growth
Production of antibodies
Energy production
(V.I.S.P.E)
Source of vitamin B
Wholegrain cereals Egg yolk Liver Vegetables Yeast
(WELVY)
