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Nutrition > Macro and Micronutrients > Flashcards

Macro and Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

What are carbohydrates converted to in the body? (Sub Unit)

A

Glucose

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2
Q

What are proteins converted to in the body? (Sub Unit)

A

Amino acid

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3
Q

What are fats converted to in the body? (Sub Unit)

A

Glycerol and fatty acids

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4
Q

Carbohydrate food sources (Simple and Complex)

A

Simple: Sugary foods like lollies, soft drink and fruits.
Complex: Other foods like grains, bread, pasta, rice and vegetables like potato

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5
Q

Protein food sources (Animal and Plant)

A

Animal: Chicken breast, seafood, lamb, eggs
Plant: Legumes, nuts, seeds, cereals, green vegetables

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6
Q

Fat food sources (Saturated and Unsaturated)

A

Saturated: meat, milk, cream, butter, cheese
Unsaturated: Avocado, penut butter and fatty fish

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7
Q

What is dietary fibre and what is its role in the body?

A
  • important for digestive health and regular bowel movements.
  • helps the body feel fuller for longer.
  • can improve cholesterol and blood sugar.
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8
Q

Main functions of carbohydrate in the body?

A

To provide energy in the body.

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9
Q

Main functions of proteins in the body?

A

Growth, maintenance and repair of the body tissue.

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10
Q

Main functions of fats in the body?

A

To help the body insulate itself and protect organs.

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11
Q

What are saturated fats?

A
  • Made in the body and required for the diet.
  • May increase cholesterol.
  • contains maximum number of hydrogen atoms
  • no double bonds.
  • meat and dairy
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12
Q

What are unsaturated fats?

A
  • Found in two main forms, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated.
  • contains double bonds
  • helps to lower cholesterol
  • oil and nuts
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13
Q

What is incomplete protein?

A

Protein that doesn’t contain all nine essential amino acids.
examples: beans, nuts, rice, vegetables and tofu

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14
Q

What is complete protein?

A

contains all nine essential amino acids necessary for the human diet.
examples: meat, poultry, fish and eggs

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15
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

Broken down quickly by the body to be used as energy.

examples: fruits, processed and refined sugars, milk and milk products.

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16
Q

What are complex carbohydrates?

A

Are made up of sugar molecules that are strung together in long, complex chain.
examples: peas, beans, whole grains and vegetables.

17
Q

What are micronutrients?

A
  • a major group of nutrients the body needs to produce energy, immune function and other bodily functions.
  • including vitamins and minerals.
    examples: calcium, zinc, potassium, vitamin C
18
Q

What is calcium and what role does it play in the body?

A
  • is a mineral.
  • helps to strengthen bones and teeth.
  • regulates heart function.
  • if deficient causes hypocalemia.
    examples: milk, cheese and other dairy products.
19
Q

What are the three macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrate, protein, fat

20
Q

What is vitamin C and what role does it play in the body?

A
  • Helps to keep immune system healthy.
  • Helps to keep healthy skin, bones and connective tissue.
  • a deficiency causes poor wound healing and loose teeth.
    examples: citrus, sprouts, berries, blackcurrants, broccoli and capsicum.
21
Q

When calculating energy carbohydrates contain how many kj?

A

16kj

22
Q

When calculating energy proteins contain how many kj?

A

17kj

23
Q

When calculating energy fats contain how many kj?

A

37kj

24
Q

What is BMR?

A

Basal Metabolic rate is the rate at which the minimum amount of energy is required by the body to maintain basic body functions while resting.

25
Q

What percentage is thermic effect?

A

10%

26
Q

What is thermic effect?

A

the amount of energy burned from injecting food.

27
Q

What factors contribute to BMR?

A
  • age
  • food intake
  • exercise
  • weight
28
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

break down of food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area of the food and to speed up the process of chemical digestion.

29
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

uses enzymes to break down complex organic food molecules, that couldn’t be broken down through mechanical digestion, into the blood stream.

30
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed?

A

Small intestine

31
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

32
Q

Order of the digestive system

A

Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Pancreas, Small intestine and large intestine.

33
Q

What is soluble fibre?

A
  • helps to slow down the emptying process of our stomach, helping the body feel fuller.
34
Q

What is insoluble fibre?

A
  • absorbs water to help soften the contents of the bowels.
35
Q

Which fibre breaks down in water? soluble or insoluble?

A

Soluble

Nutrition (1 decks)

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