Machine Learning

Question 1

data mining is focused on

Answer 1

better understanding patterns among variables in databases using statistical/analytical tools

Question 2

machine learning

Answer 2

scientific study of algorithms that computer systems use to perform tasks without explicit instructions, using patterns and inference instead

Question 3

use machine learning when (2)

Answer 3

Human expertise does not exist or humans can’t explain their expertise

Models need to be customized or are based on huge amounts of data

Question 4

ML is less useful when rules are ____ and _______, like calculating payroll amounts

Answer 4

clear and understood

Question 5

supervised/inductive learning

Answer 5

training data and desired outputs are given

Question 6

unsupervised learning

Answer 6

where training data is given without the desired output

Question 7

semi-supervised learning

Answer 7

where training data is given with a few desired outputs

Question 8

reinforcement learning

Answer 8

agent learns to make decisions by interacting with an environment
ex. robot in a maze

Question 9

Chatgpt is not directly programmed to give answers. It has functionality similar to an ____-__________, aka predicting the next words. The prediction is based on training data from 2021 and prior

Answer 9

auto-completion

Question 10

training data

Answer 10

known outcomes

Question 11

validation data

Answer 11

used to fine-tune a model

Question 12

test data

Answer 12

tests accuracy of the model

Question 13

data in ML can be partitioned into (3)

Answer 13

training data
validation data
test data

Question 14

every ML algorithm has 3 components:

Answer 14

representation
optimization
evaluation

Question 15

applications of ML in SC (5)

Answer 15

Forecasting demand
Optimizing speed
Planning movement of goods based on demand
Ensuring quality
Managing suppliers/documentation

Question 16

prompt design

Answer 16

art and science of creating the perfect prompt for a language model like ChatGPT

Question 17

persona pattern

Answer 17

strategy setting the AI to function from a certain perspective (“assume the persona of a historian…”)

Question 18

cognitive verifier pattern

Answer 18

breaks down complex questions into smaller, manageable sub-questions

Question 19

few shot prompting

Answer 19

idea is to feed model with a number of examples before asking the desired question

Question 20

chain of thought prompting

Answer 20

using a series of interconnected prompts
Ex. if interested in impact of AI on job markets, asking a string questions related to the subject matter

Question 21

AI exists when a machine has ________ ______ like problem solving

Answer 21

cognitive ability

Question 22

narrow AI

Answer 22

machine can perform better than a human at a specific task

Question 23

general AI

Answer 23

machine performs similar to use in any intellectual task

Question 24

strong AI

Answer 24

machine performs better than us in many tasks

Question 25

deep learning

Answer 25

AI method where algorithms inspired by human brain/neural network are used to process data and learn patterns

Question 26

AI is →

Answer 26

Machine learning → Deep learning

Question 27

issue of ML in SC

Answer 27

ML learning depends on reliable, high-quality information, so a lack of access to good data can cause significant issues

Question 28

stock level analysis

Answer 28

identify when products are declining in popularity/reaching end of life in marketplace

Question 29

price analysis

Answer 29

comparing costs in SC and retail profit margins to est. best combination of pricing +
customer demand

Question 30

supplier analysis

Answer 30

upstream delays canbe identified, allowing for contingency planning or alternative sourcing

Question 31

sales analysis

Answer 31

retailers can link sales and promotional activities to demand and
supply planning so that stores do not run out of stock