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NU 748 Basic Principles of Anes. > Machine Exam > Flashcards

Machine Exam Flashcards

1
Q

How is O2 manufactured

A

fractional distillation of liquefied air

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2
Q

How many L is in a full O2 tank

A

660L

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3
Q

How many psi is in a full O2 tank

A

2000 psi

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4
Q

How is N2O manufactured

A

thermal decompensation of ammonium nitrate

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5
Q

How many L is in a full N2O tank

A

1590L

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6
Q

How many psi is in a full N2O tank

A

745psi

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7
Q

What is in Wood’s metal

A

BLT with cheese
Bismuth, lead, tin, cadminum

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8
Q

What is the pipeline pressure

A

50psi

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9
Q

What is pipeline made of

A

wrought copper

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10
Q

What is PISS

A

pin index safety system, prevents interchangeability of cylinders on the cylinder yoke

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11
Q

O2 pin positions

A

2,5

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12
Q

Air pin positions

A

1,5

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13
Q

N2O pin positions

A

3,5

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14
Q

What type of pressure gauge is on the high pressure side

A

bourdon gauge- hollow copper coil

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15
Q

what type of valve is in the first stage regulator

A

diaphragm type

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16
Q

what valve is on the high-pressure side

A

floating check valve for O2 and N2O limbs

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17
Q

what does the floating check valve do?

A

prevents transfilling of cylinders in dual system, allows change of cylinders, and minimizes leaks to atmosphere

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18
Q

what is the purpose of a yoke plug

A

prevents O2 leak of floating check valve broken

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19
Q

What is the cylinder pressure after first stage regulator

A

45psi

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20
Q

What is DISS

A

diameter index safety system- nut and bolt system that prevents wrong pipeline hose connection

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21
Q

What to do if hospital pipeline crossover

A

disconnect pipeline
turn backup O2 tank on

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22
Q

What type of valve is the flush valve

A

type III

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23
Q

What does the flush valve do?

A

direct connection from O2 source at a rate of 35-75 LPM

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24
Q

Where do the majority of leaks occur

A

low pressure side

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25
Q

What type of tube is a flowmeter

A

Thorpe tube/variable orifice( V-shaped)

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26
Q

area between the bobbin and tube in flowmeter

A

annular opening

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27
Q

minimal o2 flow through flowmeters

A

200-300mL

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28
Q

Which type of flowmeter is most accurate

A

electronic flowmeter-uses solenoid principle (mass of gas is registered and measured through electronic mass flow sensor)

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29
Q

3 features of a style 1 vaporizer

A

variable-bypass
temperature compensated
flow over wick

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30
Q

What is variable bypass

A

most of the gas goes right by the chamber, only a little picks up vapor. Splitting ratio

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31
Q

What is flow over wick

A

pulls up liquid anesthetic higher in the vaporizer to get more molecules distributed more evenly in vaporizer

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32
Q

What is temperature compensated

A

bimetallic strip that opens or closes depending on ambient temp

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33
Q

What type of vaporizer is the Aladin model

A

type 1 but coputerized

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34
Q

7 features of the Tec 6

A

dual circuit
gas blender (injected into fresh gas flow)
heated
pressurized
CPU chip
back pressure
diaphragm

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35
Q

What is the Tec 6 heated to

A

39-40

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36
Q

What is vaporizer tipping

A

more than 45 degrees

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37
Q

what can vaporizer tipping cause

A

overdose

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38
Q

What to do if vaporizer tips

A

drain vaporizer sump
flush 20-30 mins at high flow rates with high concentration set on dial

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39
Q

Liquid anesthetic usage calculation

A

3x FGF (L/min) x vol% (as whole number)= mL liquid used per hour

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40
Q

AC power supply much have how much time

A

30 mins at least

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41
Q

what do insp and exp valves do in circle system

A

assure unidirectional flow

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42
Q

What does the circle system pressure gauge do

A

monitors airway pressures when not on ventilator

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43
Q

what is the y-piece

A

connects breathing circuit to patient

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44
Q

where is the reservoir bag

A

on the expiratory side

45
Q

Main component of CO2 absorber

A

calcium hydroxide

46
Q

what do sodium and potassium do on CO2 absorber

A

catalyst for the chem reaction

47
Q

exothermic CO2 absorption reaction releases ___ kcal for every 22.2 liters of CO2 absorbed

A

13,700 kcal

48
Q

what size mesh is used

A

4-8 mesh

49
Q

the higher the mesh number the _____ the absorbent particle

A

smaller

50
Q

first reaction of CO2 absorber produces what

A

carbonic acid

51
Q

last reaction of CO2 absorber produces what

A

4 water
sodium carbonate
calcium carbonate

52
Q

how much moisture is in CO2 absorber granules

A

10-22%

53
Q

what does silicate do in CO2 absorber

A

prevents granules from becoming dust in transport

54
Q

what can dust fines from soda lime do

A

laryngospasm
bronchospasm
machine failure

55
Q

how to fill CO2 absorber

A

avoid pyramiding
fill 3/4 way

56
Q

what signifies exhaustion

A

ethyl violet

57
Q

most reliable method of detecting exhaustion

A

ETCO2 never returns to baseline

58
Q

baralyme + sevo=

A

exothermic reaction (baralyme discontinued)

59
Q

Compound A effect on the body

A

nephrotoxic

60
Q

which volatile agent causes compound A formation

A

sevo

61
Q

contributing factors of compound A formation

A

low flows
high sevo concentration

62
Q

Sevo FGF

A

1LPM for up to 1hr
2LPM greater than 1hr

63
Q

Carbon monoxide formation

A

in dry potassium or sodium hydroxide absorbents

64
Q

Closed system define

A

low flows 300-500mLs, everything stays in system, nothing leaves in scavenging system

65
Q

the lower the FGF, the more you rely on ___

A

CO2 absorber granules

66
Q

semi-closed system define

A

some rebreathing occurs
FGF and pop off valves at intermediate values 3-6L
50% of gas rebreathed after CO2 removal

67
Q

semi-open define

A

high FGF (10L) with minimal rebreathing and more venting of waste gas

68
Q

5 steps of Pethich test

A
  1. assure patency of inner insp. tube
  2. occlude patient end
  3. close APL
  4. fill circuit
  5. release occlusion at elbow, bag should collapse
69
Q

acceptable ppm for halogenated agent alone

A

2ppm

70
Q

acceptable ppm for n2o alone

A

25ppm

71
Q

acceptable ppm for halogenated agent +N2O

A

0.5ppm
25ppm

72
Q

acceptable ppm for N2O in dental facilities

A

50ppm

73
Q

most complex component of the scavenging system

A

interface

74
Q

What does the scavenging interface do

A

provides positive pressure or negative pressure relief and may provide reservoir capacity
prevents pressure increases or decreases in the scavenging system from being transmitted to circuit or ventilator

75
Q

which valves are in a passive system

A

positive pressure relief valve

76
Q

which valves are in a closed system

A

positive and negative pressure relief valve

77
Q

where is an ascending bellow attached

A

base of the assembly

78
Q

what happens to an ascending bellow if insp or exp limb disconnect

A

bellow collapses (safety featur4e)

79
Q

where is a descending bellow attached

A

top of the assembly

80
Q

what happens to a descending bellow if insp or exp limb disconnect

A

continues to work

81
Q

3 components of traditional circle breathing systems

A

insp and exp valve, popoff valve

82
Q

which breathing system only has a pop off valve?

A

mapleson D/Bain

83
Q

what safety relief device on top of the valve on the ecylinder melts at 175 degrees

A

woods metal

84
Q

Link 25 proportioning system- what is it and what is its purpose

A

Link N2O and O2 flows mechanically with a chain- GE
prevents hypoxic mixture

85
Q

What are the 2 starting molecules in CO2 absorption reaction

A

H2O and CO2

86
Q

What does carbonic acid break down into

A

ions

87
Q

all open systems have to be ___

A

active

88
Q

how to tell what pressure relief system an ecylinder has

A

you can’t

89
Q

2 ecylinder materials

A

steel
aluminum

90
Q

aluminum abbreviation

A

Al or alm

91
Q

steel abbreviation

A

AA

92
Q

Where are O2 flowmeters locacted

A

far right in case of crack

93
Q

which feature of the anes. machine allows all the other safety features to work and knocks down the pressure from 45-50 psi to 12-16

A

second stage regulator

94
Q

GE pressure sensor/ failsafe system does what

A

shuts OFF other gases of O2 pressure is less than 20 psi
does NOT proportionally restrict

95
Q

who regulates purity

A

US pharmacopeia
enforced by the FDA

96
Q

if you have half a tank of O2 how much time do you have left when running @2LPM

A

165 minutes

97
Q

which anes gas is liquid

A

N2O

98
Q

how do i know how much O2 left in tank

A

pressure gauge

99
Q

how do i know how much N2O left in tank

A

weigh

100
Q

what to do if monday morning you come in and the machine was running @5 L all weekend

A

change CO2 absorber

101
Q

how often do ecylinders need inspected

A

q5yrs unless special permission for q10yrs

102
Q

inner tubing retracted back in insp limb causes what

A

dead space

103
Q

What to do if you crank down on retaining screw when cylinder on hanger yolk but its hissing

A

check washer- one time use

104
Q

international O2 tank color

A

white

105
Q

32 granule would ____

A

increase resistance

106
Q

who investigates a crash if O2 cylinders fall off truck

A

DOT

107
Q

What is in the high pressure system

A

Hanger yolk and yolk block
O2 and N2O cylinders
floating check valves
cylinder pressure gauges
First stage pressure regulator

108
Q

What is in the intermediate pressure system

A

Pipeline
pipeline pressure gauges
O2 pressure failsafe device
O2 second stage regulator
O2 flush valve
Ventilator power inlet
Flowmeter valves

109
Q

What is in the low pressure system

A

flow meters
vaporizers
check valve after vaporizer
common gas outlet

NU 748 Basic Principles of Anes. (2 decks)

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