Machine Architecture Flashcards
Examples of computer architecture models
Von Neumann’s model
System bus model
Describe Von Neumann’s model
It consists of the following:
Input device
CPU - Control unit and Arithmetic logic unit
Memory unit
Output device
*Note- CPU and Memory unit in same compartment
Describe System bus model
Cpu- Arithmetic Logic Unit, Registers and Control unit
Memory unit
Input and Output
CPU and Memory unit connected by 3 buses
- Data bus
- Address bus
- Control bus
Levels of machines in the computer hierarchy
- User Level: Application Programs
2 High level Languages
- Assembly language
- Microprogrammed/Hardwired control
- Functional units
- Logic gates
- Low level transistors and wires
User/Application Level
The applications layer is the language of the computer as seen by the end user
High level language
Here, a programmer sees only the language, and none of the low-level details of the machine
Assembly language
It translates ordinary language mnemonics into machine language.
It acts as an intermediary
Hardwired control
The control unit interpretes the machine instructions one by one, causing the specified register transfer or other action to occur
Functional unit
It interpretea the machine language instructions from the machine layer and directly causes the digital logic elements to perform the required operations
Logic gates
The logic gates implement the lowest-level logical operations upon which the computer’s functioning depends
Physical Layer
At this level being the lowest, a computer consists of electrical components which make up the logic gates
What is a bus
A bus is a communication pathway connecting 2 or more devices
