Machiavelli Flashcards
What did Machiavelli write?
The Prince
When did he write the Prince?
1513
What is the goal of his text?
Following the political instability in Florence in the late 15th century, he wanted to write a guide of sorts that underlines how to achieve political stability and an effective government in a state, because he saw the negative effects instability had on the population.
What are the two types of principalities?
Hereditary and Mixed (Newly Acquired lands)
What are the pros of hereditary principalities?
people are used to being ruled by same family and ancient customs, far fewer problems
What are the cons of mixed principalities?
Men are quick to change leaders if they think it will benefit them, so they will take up arms against their new leaders. In defending their rule, the new ruler will offend the people through soldiers.
What is the difference between well-used and mis-used cruelty?
- Well-used cruelty: carried out quickly, effectively to protect oneself and maintain peace.
- Misuse of cruelty: Increasing, unnecessary, removes a sense of safety among citizens.
What are the different types of armies?
- Made of the princes own people
- Mercenaries (paid warriors)
- Auxiliaries (mixed
volunteer militia)
Which armies work best?
The Prince’s own people
True or False: You should use mercenaries or auxiliaries in times of danger.
False, they are fickle.
Why should mercenary captains not be too good or too bad?
Too good: untrustworthy, they will have their own ambition.
Too bad: Ineffective at maintaining order -> brings ruin
What reputation should a prince uphold?
qualities a Prince should pretend to uphold include: being merciful, generous, trustworthy, religious, but he points out that these qualities will ultimately undermine the prince’s authority. So, it is better to not really be these qualities if they mean to bring about self-ruin, but to project them onto the people. His actions must also seem great, dignified, and strong so that no one can imagine that he can deceive him
Is it better to be generous or a miser?
It is better in the long run to be a miser. Even though it has negative connotations, people will eventually appreciate the Prince’s frugality AND he will still have money leftover in times of war and to pursue enterprises without burdening the people. He can also be generous with these saved funds without taxing people, which will be more appreciated.
How does Machiavelli view people?
Self-interested: good when you work for their good, fickle in danger. Only respond to fear of punishment.
How do you avoid being hated?
To avoid being hated, he must not seize property or women or honour, or take a citizen’s life without proper justification. Also being changeable and frivolous, and effeminate or cowardly.
