Mace cell physio 8/30

Question 1

3 components of a plasma membrane

Answer 1

membrane lipids, membrane proteins, membrane carbs

Question 2

role of memb carbs

Answer 2

Help ID cell and cell needs

Question 3

Plasma membrane is made of equal parts

Answer 3

lipid and protein

Question 4

plasma membranes are polar/nonpolar

Answer 4

nonpolar

Question 5

which kinds of lipids are in plasma membrane

Answer 5

phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

Question 6

Phospholipids form:

Answer 6

2 parallel sheets of molecules with the hydrophobic tails internally and the hydrophilic heads pointing out

Question 7

purpose of phospholipid bilayer

Answer 7

keeps cytosol in and interstitial fluid out`

Question 8

cholesterol purpose in plasma membrane

Answer 8

strengthens membrane and stabalizes membrane agains temperature extremes (phospholipids get very unstable with fever)

Question 9

purpose of glycolipids in plasma membrane

Answer 9

help to form glycocalyx

Question 10

what is glycocalyx

Answer 10

coating of sugar on cell’s surface

Question 11

where are glycolipids located on plasma membrane

Answer 11

on outer phospholipid region only

Question 12

the function of the plasma membrane

Answer 12

a physical barrier, selective permeability, electrochemical gradients, communication.

Question 13

are membrane proteins stable or fluid

Answer 13

fluid, they float and move in the fluid bilayer

Question 14

integral proteins are located:

Answer 14

embedded within and extended across the phospholipid bilayer

Question 15

Integral proteins have 2 regions:

Answer 15

hydrophilic (exposed to aqueous env.s on either side of memb) hydrophobic (interact with hydrophobic interior)

Question 16

Many integral proteins are what type of proteins

Answer 16

glycoproteins

Question 17

difference between integral and peripheral proteins

Answer 17

peripheral proteins are not embedded in lipid bilayer.

Question 18

types of integral plasma membrane proteins

Answer 18

transport protein (channels, carriers, pumps, symporters, antiporters) receptors, identity markers (communicate health and self), enzyme proteins, anchoring sites for cytoskeleton, cell adhesion molecules (keep plasma membranes close together)

Question 19

membrane transport can be:

Answer 19

passive or active

Question 20

active membrane transport requires:

Answer 20

an expenditure of energy or the formation or loss of a vesicle

Question 21

passive membrane transpo types:

Answer 21

diffusion (movement of solutes), Osmosis (movement of water)

Question 22

types of diffusion

Answer 22

simple diffusion (no transport protein required), facilitated diffusion (transport protein required)

Question 23

types of facilitated diffusion

Answer 23

channel mediated (ion moves through leak or gated channels) carrier mediated (small polar molecules moved by carrier protein)

Question 24

active transport includes:

Answer 24

active transport and vesicular transport

Question 25

Active transport can be split into:

Answer 25

primary active and secondary active transport

Question 26

primary active transport is

Answer 26

when ions or small molecules are moved against their conc grad. directly using ATP as an energy source.

Question 27

secondary active transport is

Answer 27

when the energy source is derived from the movement of any other substance

Question 28

secondary active transport can be further broken up into

Answer 28

symports and antiports

Question 29

vesicular transport can be broken down into

Answer 29

exocytosis and endocytosis

Question 30

3 kinds of endocytosis

Answer 30

phagocytosis: cellular eating, pinocytosis: cellular drinking, receptor-mediated endocytosis (receptor required)

Question 31

diffusion continues until:

Answer 31

substance reaches equilibrium

Question 32

rate of diffusion is dependent on:

Answer 32

"steepness" of concentration (electrochemical) gradient, temp, and molecule size

Question 33

What can increase rate of diffusion

Answer 33

Temp (fever)

Question 34

which kinds of molecules can pass with simple diffusion

Answer 34

small and nonpolar solutes (O2, CO2, some fatty acids, ethanol, urea)

Question 35

small charged or polar solutes require: ____ for transport

Answer 35

facilitated diffusion (channel mediation or carrier-mediated diffusion)

Question 36

types of channel mediate diffusion channels

Answer 36

leak channels and gated channels

Question 37

how does water move across the membrane in osmosis

Answer 37

between molecules in phospholipid bilayer or through protein water channels called aquaporins

Question 38

phosphorylation is

Answer 38

adding a phosphate group to transport protein converting from adp-> atp

Question 39

Na K pump move:

Answer 39

2K into cell (cytosol), 3 Na out (Interstital Fluid)

Question 40

which ion binds first in Na K pump

Answer 40

Na

Question 41

what drives K transport in NaK pump

Answer 41

the P leaving returns pump to original shape and allows K to exit to the cytosol

Question 42

what kind of energy provides energy to pump other substances in active transpo

Answer 42

kinetic energy