MacDougall - Pathologic Occlusion

Question 1

what are structural and functional changes (in occlusion) that are a result of a disease process

Answer 1

pathologic occlusion

Question 2

what is an objective manifestation of disease

Answer 2

sign

Question 3

what is a subjective manifestation of disease

Answer 3

symptom

Question 4

what are the hallmarks of occlusal path

Answer 4

wear and tear (tear is generally a sign of tauma)

Question 5

what are the types of trauma

Answer 5

1. primary trauma
2. secondary trauma
3. repetitive strain

Question 6

what is an excessive force on a normal system (e.g., physical overload) (very uncommon)

Answer 6

primary trauma

Question 7

what is a normal force on a weakened system (very common)

Answer 7

secondary trauma

Question 8

what are examples of secondary trauma

Answer 8

Accumulated damage
Weakened tooth
Chronic, repetitive loads
Small crack that cannot heal
- Focus of stress
- Crack extension
- Total failure

Question 9

is primary or secondary trauma most commonly faced with in private practice

Answer 9

secondary trauma

Question 10

what is normal force on a normal system; recurrent with inadequate recovery

Answer 10

repetitive strain

Question 11

___ is an umbrella term used to refer to several discrete conditions that can be associated with repetitive tasks, forceful exertions, vibrations, mechanical compression, sustained or awkward positions, or repetitive eccentric contractions without adequate recovery

Answer 11

Repetitive strain injury (RSI)

Question 12

does malocclusion cause perio disease? explain

Answer 12

No it does not, but it CAN EXACERBATE existing perio disease

Question 13

what is the stillness cleft

Answer 13

can gradully happen over time

Question 14

what is:
To “wear away from.’
Once attributed solely to toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion

Answer 14

abrasion

Question 15

what is:
To “break away from.’
Attributed to structural
breakdown at the point of flexure; “shelling”

Answer 15

abfraction

Question 16

is tooth wear common?

Answer 16

yes! it is part of aging process

Question 17

what is wearing down by friction

Answer 17

attrition

Question 18

what is:
- softened occlusal anatomy
- broadened contacts
- facets involve only enamel
- function is not compromised

Answer 18

attrition

Question 19

what is the wearing away thru an unusual or abnrmoal mechanical process

Answer 19

abrasion

Question 20

is function compromised in attrition and abrasion?

Answer 20

attrition = no
abrasion = may be!

Question 21

what has:
- wear facets (lock and key appearance)
- spot involvement of dentinal layer
- general anatomy still present
- may be localized to individual teeth

Answer 21

abrasion

Question 22

what has:
- large areas of exposed dentin
- funcitonal anatomy lost
- inadequate occlusal mechanics
- often without symptoms
- expect additional degradation in the future

Answer 22

severe wear

Question 23

what is excessive vertical force with rhthmic horizontal motion, for a prolonged period of time

Answer 23

bruxism

Question 24

what is an oral habit consisting of involuntary rhythmic clenching of teeth, or spasmodic
non-functional gnashing or grinding in other than chewing movements of the
mandible, which may lead to occlusal trauma

Answer 24

bruxism

Question 25

what is the pressing and clamping of the jaws and teeth together frequently associated with acute nervous tension or physical effort.

Answer 25

clenching

Question 26

what is the wearing away of a substance or surface caused by rubbing or scraping. abrading

Answer 26

grinding

Question 27

what are examples of occlusal parafunction

Answer 27

frustration grinding (awake and rhytmic)
nocturnal grinding
exertion clenching
concentration tapping
regular swallowing contact

Question 28

how are horizontal function, vertical function, and anxiety, muscular, and neural activitiy related to occlusal force and potential for damage

Answer 28

the lower the occlusal force, it affects vertical function

the higher the occlusal force, the more it affects horizontal function and higher anxiety, muscular and neural activity

Question 29

you should only have tooth contact how long per day

Answer 29

4-10 minutes per day (bruxer is 4 hours a day)

Question 30

what is the magnitude of for for a normal person

Answer 30

20-40 lbs PSI verically (acceptable)
a bruxer is 300 lbs PSI and laterally (injurious)

Question 31

occlussal pathology is generally free from ___ and ___ moving

Answer 31

free from symptoms and slow moving

Question 32

are all malocclusions pathogenic

Answer 32

by definition, yes

Question 33

can malocclusion ever improve on its own

Answer 33

no

A vicious cycle is a complex chain of events that reinforces itself through a
feedback loop, with detrimental results. Each iteration of the cycle reinforces the
previous one, in an example of positive feedback.

Question 34

what is the PREDOMINANT THEME in occlusal pathology

Answer 34

horizontal function

Question 35

does malocclusion contribute to development of bruxism

Answer 35

extensive wear is not necessarily a sign of bruxism but can lead to clenching and can progress to grinding

Question 36

can occlusal intervention contribute to the solution

Answer 36

yes

A vicious cycle will continue in the direction of its momentum
until an external factor intervenes to break the cycle.