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Chemical Analysis, Quality & Stability > MAAFI > Flashcards

MAAFI Flashcards

1
Q

What equation to use for Calibration Graphs?

A

Beer-Lambert (y=m x + c)

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2
Q

Absorbance Calibration graph Equation?

A

A=elc

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3
Q

What does A=elc?

A 
A= Absorbance
e= Extinction Coefficient
l= Optical Length
c= Speed of Light
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4
Q

Absorbance:

In A=elc, what part of Beer-Lambert eqtn. do you get if you multiply E and L?

A

A=elc

e*l= Extinction Coefficient @ a KNOWN wavelength = M
Y= M X + C
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5
Q

Define:

QUANTITY.

A

How much of a substance there is?

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6
Q

Define:

QUALITY.

A

What is the subtstance?

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7
Q

Define:

Accuracy

A

Closeness to REAL value

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8
Q

Define:

Precision

A

Closeness of a SERIES of values

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9
Q

Define:

Accuracy & Precision

A

Closeness of a SERIES of values to the REAL/TRUE value

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10
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

What is light?

A

Light is a propagating electromagnetic wave.

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11
Q

What is the equation for finding out Wavelengths, Frequencies, Energy and Wavenumbers?

A

E= hc/LAMBDA = hc*V

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12
Q

Define E, h, c, LAMBDA and V.

A 
E - Energy
h - Planck's Constant
c - Speed of Light
f - Frequency
LAMBDA - Wavelength
V - Wabenumber
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13
Q 
Units for:
E
h
c
f
LAMBDA
V
A 
E= Joules
h= 6.62 x10^10-34J/s
c= 3x10^8 m/s
f= Hz (/s)
LAMBDA= nm
V= Cm-1
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14
Q

3 Steps to finding out Electromagnetic Properties using Spectroscopy Equation? (Before rearranging)

You’ll need to IDENTIFY:

A

1) What you HAVE.
2) What you NEED.
3) Which part of the EQUATION you NEED.

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15
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

Sigma electrons make:

A

Sigma Bonds!

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16
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

π electons make

A

π Bonds!

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17
Q

Which type of bond requires more energy to break into Anti-bonding?

A

SIGMA BONDS

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18
Q

Photo-degradation is caused by which type of anti-bonding?

A

SIGMA –> SIGMA* Antibonding

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19
Q

Bond breaking (Sigma* bonds) would cause the formation of a new product (degradation product).

What would this new molecule cause?

A

A new shift in the absorbance spectrum as each molecule will have its own absorbance.

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20
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

Wavelength boundaries for UV

A

200-370 nm

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21
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

Wavelength boundaries for Vis

A

380-700 nm

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22
Q

Pi bond wavelength peak guides…

A

~ 200-800nm

23
Q

Sigma bond wavelength peak guides…

A

~ <210mm

NOTE: How this is significantly smaller THEREFORE smaller LAMBDA = higher E

24
Q

Wavelength for anything coloured..

A

ABOVE 370 nm

25
Q

Types of CHROMICS for CONJUGATION

A

BATHOCHROMIC

HYPERCHROMIC

26
Q

Define BATHOCHROMIC

A

BATHOCHROMIC:

In conjugation, denoted by an INCREASE in WAVELENGTH (LAMBDA)

27
Q

Define: HYPERCHROMIC

A

HYPERCHROMIC:

In conjugation, denoted by and INCREASE in Extinction Coefficient (e)

28
Q

What is meant by CONJUGATION?

A

The term used to describe the structure of a hydrocarbon with alternating CARBON=CARBON-CARBON=CARBON bonds.

The movement of π e-.

29
Q

How are ELECTRONIC TRANSITIONS induced?

A

By Photon Absorption

30
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

Requirements for UV Spec.

A

Quartz cell/curvette.

NON-COLOURED/VISIBLE

31
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

Bonding/Anti-bonding gap…

A

The gap is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL to the Energy CHANGE

32
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:
MAAFIs Tips:

What are the 5 steps for the Procedure of CONVERSIONS?

A

1) IDENTIFY Quantity (and UNITS that you have and REQUIRE)
2) Use and CHOOSE Energy equation component for the units you require.
3) Rearrange & CANCEL out
4) CHECK units & make sure they correspond
5) Adjust & Converge units to SI or whatever question requires!

DOUBLE CHECK Ans. units

33
Q

SPECTROSCOPY:

STERN-VOLMER relates to?

A

QUENCHING

34
Q

Electronic Transition:

Electrons can be what types?

A

SIGMA
PI
N

35
Q

Electronic Transition:

sigma, pi and n electrons sit on…

A

Molecular orbitals in the GROUND STATE (GS)

36
Q

Electronic Transition:

Molecules can only go from…

A

Bonding or Anti-bonding states.

37
Q

Electronic Transition:
(graphs)

First Peak=

A

High Energy

38
Q

Electronic Transition:
(graphs)

Last Peak=

A

Low Energy Transmission

39
Q

Electronic Transition:
(graphs)

High Energy Transmission indicates a….

A

SIGMA ANTI-bonding…

If the LAMBDA/Wavelength is SMALL then it would obvz. require more energy!

40
Q

Electronic Transition:
(graphs)

There is a peak in the visible spectrum. What does this indicate?

A

A π –> π*

41
Q

STOKES’ SHIFT:

The last peak indicates…

A

The LOWEST possible energy.

42
Q

STOKES’ SHIFT:

Definition

A

The measurement between the two closest MAXIMA (highest peaks) between EMISSION AND ABSORPTION

43
Q

STOKE SHIFT:

Is good for…

A

Quantitative Analysis

For finding out what HAPPENED to that molecule under those experimental conditions

44
Q

STOKE SHIFT:

S1 =

A

The lowest possible energy

45
Q

JABLONSKI:

Definition

A

Exploring the possible fates of an excited MOLECULE.

46
Q

JABLONSKI:

The transition between Ground State to Excited State requires….

A

Energy/Light

47
Q

JABLONSKI:

INTERNAL CONVERSION (IC)
Can occur between...
A

Ground and Excited SINGLET STATES

48
Q

JABLONSKI:

Once a molecule has relaxed to S1 state, what happens?

A

The higher energy is dissipated down.

VIA - Emission of Light/Heat

49
Q

JABLONSKI:

One molecule…

A

ONE MOLECULE

ONE TRANSITION

ONE ELECTRON

50
Q

JABLONSKI:

INTERSYSTEM CROSSING

A

ISC -

S1 to T1 OR Vice-Versa

51
Q

ISC to Ground State results in..

A

LIGHT (Photoreactions)

52
Q

JABLONSKI: Define -

INTERSYSTEM CROSSING

A

Losing an e- to go from one energy state to a lower energy state.

S1 - T2 or T1 - S0

53
Q

Do all molecules Fluoresce/Phosphorescence all the way down to GS/S0?

A

NO.

All items in JABSLONSKI can dissipate via Vibration energy, Light Emission or Heat Emission.

Chemical Analysis, Quality & Stability (1 decks)

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