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M9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Morpheus law

A

If something ca go wrong sooner or later it will go wrong

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2
Q

In 1940 approx what percentage of aircraft related accidents was related to human error

A

70%

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3
Q

In 1986 in a study to work out causes of 93 aircraft how much was down to maintenance and inspection deficiencies

A

12%

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4
Q

What is anthropometrics

A

The study of the dimensions and abilities of the human body

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5
Q

What is the cornea

A

Clear window at the front of the eye

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6
Q

How much of the total focussing ability is the cornea responsible for

A

70%-80% and this is called refraction

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7
Q

What is the coloured part of the eye

A

The iris

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the iris

A

Controls the amount of light entering the eye

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9
Q

Where is the pupil

A

The dark centre of the iris

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10
Q

What factor can the light be changed in the iris

A

5:1

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11
Q

What is the change of shape of the lens called

A

Accommodation

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12
Q

What two light sensitive cells are found in the retina

A

Cones and rods

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13
Q

What are the purpose of the cones

A

They function in good light and responsible for detecting fine detail and are colour sensitive

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14
Q

What are the purpose of the rods in the retina

A

Cannot detect colour and poor at detecting fine detail but good at detecting movement at the edge of the visual field (peripheral vision)

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15
Q

Where does the blind spot occur in the eye

A

The point where the optic nerve joins the back of the eye

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16
Q

How many nerve cells does the eye have

A

Around 1.2 million

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17
Q

How many times more sensitive is are the eyes compared to the ear

A

About 24 times

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18
Q

How many nerve cells in the ears

A

50,000

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19
Q

What is visual acuity

A

The ability of the eye to discriminate sharp detail at varying distances

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20
Q

How is visual acuity tested

A

By using a snellen chart

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21
Q

What is the correct term for short sightedness

A

Myopia

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22
Q

What is the correct term for long sightedness

A

Hypermetropia

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23
Q

What is hypermyopia (long sightedness) caused by

A

A shorter than normal eye ball

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24
Q

What is the cause of myopia

A

A longer than normal eye ball

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25
What are cataracts
Clouding of the lens normally caused by aging
26
What is astigmatism
A misshapen cornea
27
What is glaucoma
A build up in pressure of the fluid within the eye
28
What is presbyopia
As a person ages the lens becomes less flexible meaning it is unable to accommodate sufficiently may need to wear glasses
29
What percentage of men and women are affected by colour vision deficiency
8% men and 0.5% of women
30
What is the most common form of colour vision deficiency
Between red and green Blue and yellow is more rare
31
What CAP outlines what organisations should identify eyesight requirements band put in place suitable procedures
CAP 562 leaflet H60
32
What are the 2 basic functions of the ear
- Detect sounds through vibrations in the air - Responsible for balance and sensing acceleration
33
What is the purpose of the outer ear
Receive vibrations from the air and turns them into nerve impulses that the brain can understand
34
What is the purpose of the middle ear
Transmits vibrations from the eardrum by the way of three small bones called the ossicles (hammer, anvil and stirrup)
35
What is used to help protect the ear from sounds above 80db
2 small muscles which can reduce the noice by 20db for 15 mins
36
What is in the inner ear
Filled with fluid, the last of the ossicles are also here and connected to a fine membrane called the basilar membrane
37
What is the measure of the intensity of sound measured in
Db or decibels
38
What is the typical hearing frequency range able to be heard by a young person
20 to 20,000Hz
39
What is the most sensitive range of hearing
3000hz
40
What is the
41
What is the purpose of the control of noise at work act 2005
Employers must provide hearing protection in areas over 85db
42
What is the combination of duration and intensity of noise described as
Noise dose
43
What noise intensity is considered as noise dose
Anything above 80db
44
How much can noise be reduced by wearing ear defenders and ear plugs
Plugs - 20db Deffs - 40db
45
What is presbycusis
Hearing deteriorates naturally as one gets older
46
What are the 4 types of attention
- Selective - Divided - Focussed - Sustained
47
What is sustained attention
Ability to remain alert over long periods
48
What can perception be defined by
The process of assembling sensations into a usable mental representation of the world
49
What 2 things are the ultra short term memory split into
- Iconic - Echoic
50
What is iconic memory
Stores visual information for upto half a second
51
What is Echoic memory
Stores information received a sound for up to 2 seconds
52
Short term memory
Stores small mount of information 5-9 items for 10-20 seconds
53
Long term memory
Appears to be unlimited and is split into semantic and episodic memory
54
Semantic memory
General functional knowledge
55
Episodic memory
Memory of specific events
56
What are the motor programmes
Movements made up of sub routines. Series of movements become automatic after time
57
What is short term memory also known as
Working memory
58
Risky shift
A group might come to an outcome that may be riskier than what an individual may do
59
Social loafing
Individuals may work less hard on a task when they know others are doing it
60
What are Maslows two different sets of motivational forces
- Basic needs - Self actualisation needs
61
What are basic needs
Physiological, safety, breathing
62
Self actualisation needs
Love, esteem, creativity
63
What type of exercise is recommended
Double the resting pulse rate for 20 mins 3 times a week
64
What is physical stress
Heat, cold, noise, vibration
65
What is psychological stress
Emotional upset
66
How much sleep is required to prevent a deficit
8 hours every 24 otherwise you create a sleep deficits
67
What is the only thing that can reduce a sleep deficit
Sleep
68
Carcadium rhythm is how many hours a day
25
69
Ear is sensitive between the frequencies of
20hz and 20khz
70
Noises of what intensity are not recommended
115db per day
71
Vibration of what frequency will cause white finger
50-150hz
72
What is software
Maintenance procedures and manuals
73
What is hardware
Tools, test equipment, structure of aircraft
74
What is environment
Physical environment such as conditions in the hangar
75
What is liveware
The person or people at the centre of the model
76
What is the error chain
Incident was preventable and could have been avoided if any one of a number of things had been done differently
77
What are slips
Tried to do as intended but did procedure wrong
78
What are lapses
Someone has failed to do something.
79
What are routine violations
Things that might become the normal way of doing things
80
What are optimising violations
Breaking rules for kicks
81
What are situational violations
Due to a particular factor that occurs at the time
82
What are exceptional violations
Circumstances make violations inevitable
83
What is visual inspection type 1 error
When a good item is identified as faulty
84
What is visual inspection type 2 error
When a faulty item is missed
85
What is MORS
Mandatory Occurrence Reporting Scheme
86
What is CHIRP
Independent reporting system
87
What is just culture
Maintenance errors openly reported
88
What is SMS
Safety Management System To capture errors
89
What are the 2 forms of stress
- Acute - Chronic
90
What is task lighting
Local area lighting in addition to main lighting
91
In the study what were maintenance and inspection deficiencies
12%

M9 (1 decks)

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