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M8 > M8 New > Flashcards

M8 New Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up air

A

21% Oxygen
78% Nitrogen
1% Other gasses

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2
Q

Average height of the atmosphere

A

760km

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3
Q

What are the 5 main regions of the atmosphere

A
  • Troposphere
  • Stratosphere
  • Metosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Exosphere
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4
Q

What is the lowest of all of the atmospheres

A

Troposphere

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5
Q

Which atmosphere contains the ozone layer

A

Stratosphere

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6
Q

What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level

A

14.7psi

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7
Q

What is used to measure air pressure on the ground

A

Barometer

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8
Q

What is dynamic pressure measured in

A

Newtons per square meter

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9
Q

What is static pressure measured in

A

Bar or Pascal

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10
Q

ISA at sea level

A

1013.25hpa

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11
Q

Temp at sea level

A

288.15k or 15 degrees c

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12
Q

what is the density at sea level

A

1.225kg/m cubed

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13
Q

Speed=

A

Time

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14
Q

What is the point of stagnation

A

Static pressure = total pressure and there is no flow

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15
Q

What is laminar flow

A

Smooth undisturbed flow

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16
Q

What is relative airflow

A

Airflow with respect to the object flowing through it

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17
Q

What is a disadvantage to laminar flow

A

Due to low kinetic energy it is easier for flow to separate

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18
Q

What is the chord line

A

A straight line connecting the leading edge and the trailing edge

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19
Q

What is the mean camber line

A

Equidistant between upper and lower surface

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20
Q

What is the maximum camber line

A

Greatest distance of the mean camber line from the chord line as a %

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21
Q

What is fineness ratio

A

Also known as thickness ratio

Maximum thickness or depth of a section expressed as a % of the chord from the leading edge to trailing edge

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22
Q

What is aspect ratio

A

Width of wing

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23
Q

What charictaristics do high aspect wing have

A

Long spans

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24
Q

What is induced drag affected by

A
  • Aspect ratio
  • Wing tip design
  • Aircraft speed
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25
Q

What is wash in

A

Angle of incidence is greater towards wing tips

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26
Q

What is wash out

A

Angle of incidence greater at the wing root

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27
Q

What is the Mean Aerodynamic Chord

A

The average chord length of a tapered or sweet wing

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28
Q

What is Angle of attack

A

Between the chord line of the profile and the relative wind

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29
Q

What is the angle of incidence

A

Between the chord line of the profile and longitudinal axis the aircraft

denoted by Gamma

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30
Q

What is the centre of pressure (centre of lift)

A

The point on the chord line where total sum of pressure acts on a body

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31
Q

Where is the Centre of pressure at normal cruising speeds with slight positive angle of attack

A

25% back along the chord line

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32
Q

What angle is max angle on an aerofoil before flow separation occurs

A

15-18 degrees

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33
Q

Where would a rectangualr wing stall first

A

Root first

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34
Q

Where would a tapered wing stall first

A

tip

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35
Q

Hight down wash =

A

Low angle of attack

36
Q

Low downwash =

A

High angle of attack

37
Q

Which point on an elliptical wing would stall first

A

Entire wing stalls at the same time

38
Q

What is the most common wing type on most modern commercial aircraft

A

swept

39
Q

Which direction would the wings face is they have positive sweep

A

Backwards

40
Q

Which direction would the wings face if they had negative sweep

A

Forwards

41
Q

What is sweep angle

A

Angle between the line of 25% chords and a line perpendicular to the root

42
Q

The more swept back the wing the more stable it is on which axis

A

Roll

43
Q

What is the critical mach number

A

The speed at which shock waves begin to appear or where airflow reaches speed of sound ( Normally on top of the wing because the air travels faster)

44
Q

What is the main disadvantage of swept wing

A

Poor lift to drag ratio

45
Q

What is the main advantage of a swept wing

A

Only beneficial for aircraft flying close or above the speed of sound

46
Q

What is dihedral angle

A

When the wing tip is higher or lower than the wing root

47
Q

Dihedral angle increases what kind of stability

A

Roll

48
Q

What is anhedral (Negative dihedral)

A

Wing tip lower than root

49
Q

What type of aircraft would anhedral wings be used

A

Aircraft with high centre of gravity

50
Q

What is Induced drag caused by

A

Lift

51
Q

What are the different types of Parasite Drag

A
  • Form
  • Friction
  • Interference
52
Q

What is the main kind of compressible drag

A

Shock waves

53
Q

What is Parasite/Form drag caused by

A

Pressure distribution on a body

54
Q

How is Form drag reduced

A

‘Streamlining’ by adding a bullet shaped nose and fairings

55
Q

What is the relationship between form drag and friction drag

A

A profile that has low form drag has high friction drag and vice versa

56
Q

How can interference drag be reduced

A

Fairings

57
Q

When does compressible drag occur

A

Only in the transonic and supersonic regions (caused by shock waves)

58
Q

What is total drag

A

Induced drag + Parasite drag

59
Q

What is Fineness ratio

A

(Or thickness ratio) Maximum thickness of the chord as a fraction

60
Q

What are the 4 fundamental forces that effect normal flight

A
  • Lift
  • Weight
  • Drag
  • Thrust
61
Q

What is the equation of coefficient of lift

A

THEORETICAL LIFT

62
Q

What is the equation of coefficient of drag

A

THEORETICAL DRAG

63
Q

What happens if AOA increases above Alpha max

A

Flow separation or stall occurs

64
Q

What is the advantage of high max lift coefficient

A

Aircraft can fly slowly

65
Q

What kind of aircraft would Deep stall/super stall occur

A

Mainly on T tail aircraft and is the result of the wing stalling and then upsetting the airflow over the tail

66
Q

What kind of input would a wing root stall require to recover

A

None from the pilot, it should recover itself

67
Q

What kind of input would a wing tip stall require

A

A control movement from the pilot

68
Q

What is the most dangerous type of ice

A

clear ice

69
Q

High aspect ratio makes what kind of glide ratio

A

Much better glide ratio

70
Q

What is total drag

A

The sum of induced drag and parasite drag

71
Q

In which way does centrifugal force act

A

Opposite to lift

72
Q

What is the equation of Load factor

A

n=Lift in turn
—————
Weight

73
Q

What is the aeroelastic limit also known as

A

Redline airspeed

74
Q

What are structural limits also referred as

A
  • Acceleration limits
  • Limit load factors
75
Q

Ultimate structural limit is what % of the normal structural limit

A

150%

76
Q

When would lift augmentation devices be used

A

At slower speeds

77
Q

Plain flap increase by how much of lift

A

50-55%

78
Q

Split flat increase in lift by how much

A

60-65%

79
Q

Slotted flap increase in lift by how much

A

65-70%

80
Q

Fowler flap increase in lift by how much

A

95%

81
Q

What type of flap gives most lift

A

Fowler

82
Q

Slot increase in lift by how much

A

increase max coefficient of lift by 40%

83
Q

What are Vortex generators for

A

Boundary layer control

84
Q

What are the main benefits of winglets

A
  • Reduced fuel consumption
  • Increased Range
    -Improved performance
  • Lower emissions
85
Q

Directional stability control done by

A
  • Dorsal fin
  • Keel surface
  • Wing sweep

M8 (2 decks)

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