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AWS Cloud Foundations > M6: Compute > Flashcards

M6: Compute Flashcards

Module 6

1
Q

Four broad categories of compute services

A

VMs (IaaS)
Serverless
Container based
Platform as a service

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2
Q

EC2

A

Elastic: can increase / decrease
Compute: processing power and memory
Cloud

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3
Q

AMI

A

Template for root volume of instance
Launch permissions re which AWS accounts can use AMI
Block device mapping specifying the volumes to attach to instance

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4
Q

Creating a new AMI

A

Instance is stopped
Snapshot taken of root volume
Register snapshot as AMI
(Optionally copy AMI to other regions)

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5
Q

Launching EC2

A
  1. Select AMI
  2. Choose instance type
  3. Specify network location, deciding re public IP if in non default VPC
  4. Can attach IAM role to EC2 instance at this point or later
  5. Can pass user data to the instance
  6. Can config storage options
  7. Can assign tag
  8. Can specify one or more security groups, default used otherwise, can change after launch. Can add rules to security groups, all are evaluated.
  9. Key pair
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6
Q

Instance type

A

Varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage and networking capacity. Network bandwidth is also related to the size of the instance.

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7
Q

Running user data

A

Default: only first time instance starts up

Can write MIME multipart file user data script to run every time instance is booted

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8
Q

Amazon Elastic Block Store

A

Block storage designed for throughput and transaction intensive workloads

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9
Q

Instance store

A

Ephemeral block level storage, good for temporary content such as buffers

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10
Q

Elastic file system

A

Simple, scalable, fully managed NFS

Grows and shrinks automatically

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11
Q

Amazon S3

A

Object storage service

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12
Q

aws ec2 run-instances

A 
image-id
count
instance-type
key-name
security-groups
region

If no subnet id given, the default is chosen

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13
Q

Public IP address

A

Released when instance is stopped or terminated
Automatically assigned from pool if public IP chosen
Can go for elastic IP address instead

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14
Q

Elastic IP address

A

Allocate one in same region as instance
Max 5 per region
Associate with EC2 instance

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15
Q

Instance metadata URL

A

http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/

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16
Q

Amazon CloudWatch

A

Collects and processes raw data from EC2

Stores for 15 months

17
Q

EC2 pricing models

A 
On-demand instances
Reserved instances
Spot instances: interrupted with 2 minute warning
Dedicated instances
Dedicated hosts
18
Q

Four pillars of cost optimization

A

Right size
Increase elasticity
Optimal pricing model
Optimize storage choices

19
Q

On-demand instances

A

Lowest upfront cost
Greatest flexibility
Good for short-term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads

20
Q

Dedicated hosts

A

Physical servers with instance capacity dedicated to your use
Can use existing per-socket, per-core or per-VM software licences

21
Q

Dedicated instances

A

Instances that run in a VPC on hardware that is dedicated to a single customer

22
Q

Reserved instances

A

Reserve computing for 1 or 3 years at lower hourly running cost
Good for consistent, heavy use

23
Q

Scheduled reserved instances

A

Capacity reservations that recur on a daily, weekly, monthly basis with a specified duration for 1 year

24
Q

Spot instances

A

Bid on unused instances

Good if applications can tollerate 2 minute notification to interruption

25
Q

Containers

A

Hold everything an application needs, not a full OS

Single application can span multiple containers

26
Q

Docker

A

Software platform that packages software into containers. Useful when want to

  • standardise environments
  • reduce conflicts between language stacks and versions
  • use containers as a service
  • run microservices using standardized code deployments
  • require portability for data processing
27
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Service

A

Orchestrates execution of Docker containers
Create a task definition - text file describing one or more containers, parameters for application
Uses the task scheduler
When ECS runs the containers that make up your task, it places them on an ECS cluster

28
Q

Kubernetes

A

Open source software for container orchestration

Manages a cluster of compute instances called nodes

29
Q

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service

A

Run Kubernetes on AWS instead of managing and running Kubernetes yourself

30
Q

Amazon Elastic Container Registry

A

Store, manage, and deploy your Docker containers

31
Q

ECS cluster

A

Networking only cluster (powered by Fargate)
EC2 Linux & networking cluster
EC2 Windows & networking cluster

32
Q

Lambda payments

A

Pay for requests that are served and the compute time that is required to run the code
Billed in 100 milliseconds

33
Q

Creating Lambda function

A
  1. Name
  2. Runtime environment (version of python)
  3. Execution role (IAM permissions)
  4. Trigger
  5. Add function code
  6. Memory requirements
  7. Specific environment variables, description, timeout (all optional)
34
Q

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

A 
PaaS facilitating quick deployment, scaling and management of Web applications and services.
Choose:
- instance type
- your database
- set and adjust automatic scaling
- update application
- access server log files
- enable HTTPS on load balancer

AWS Cloud Foundations (10 decks)

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