m5 sub2 hehe Flashcards
The process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, storing it in glucose molecules.
Photosynthesis
Captured by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts
Light Energy
Used as raw materials to produce glucose (energy rich compound) and oxygen
Carbon Dioxide & Water
Light-Dependent Reactions Location
Occurs in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts.
Light-Dependent Reactions Process
- Photon Absorption
- Water-Splitting
- ATP and NADPH Production
Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, which excited electrons
Photon Absorption
Light energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen, protons, and electrons.
Water-Splitting
The excited electrons move through the electron transport chain, generating ATP and NADPH (energy carriers for the next stage).
ATP and NADPH Production
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Location
Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle) Process
- Carbon Fixation
- Reduction Phase
- Regeneration of RuBP
CO2 is incorporated into a 5-carbon sugar (RuBP) by the enzyme rubisco.
Carbon Fixation
ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P), a 3-carbon sugar.
Reduction Phase
Some G3P molecules are used to generate RuBP, enabling the cycle to continue.
Regeneration of RuBP
Is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP (adenosine triphosphate,) the cell’s energy currency, along with carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Cellular Respiration
Used as raw materials to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.
Glucose & Oxygen
The powerhouse of the cell where cellular respiration takes place.
Mitochondria
Glycolysis Location
Occurs in the cytoplasm.
Glycolysis Process
Glucose is broken down into molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Location
Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.
Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Process
Pyruvate is further broken down, producing CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADSH2.
Photosynthesis Anabolic Process
Builds glucose from CO2 and H2O using light energy
Photosynthesis Location
Occurs in chloroplasts of plant cells.
Photosynthesis Energy Storage
Stores energy in glucose.
Cellular Respiration Catabolic Process
Breaks down glucose into CO2 and H2O, releasing energy as ATP.
