M4 ,, Basic Concepts

Question 1

Hydrocarbon?

Answer 1

Only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 2

Saturated?

Answer 2

C-c bonds only

Question 3

Unsaturated?

Answer 3

C=C bond

Question 4

Molecular formula?

Answer 4

Shows the actual number of each type of atom

Question 5

Empirical formula?

Answer 5

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound

Question 6

General formula?

Answer 6

algebraic formula for a homologous series e.g. CnH2n

Question 7

Structural formula?

Answer 7

shows the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, eg for butane: CH3CH2CH2CH3 or CH3(CH2)2CH3,

Question 8

Displayed formula?

Answer 8

show all the covalent bonds present in a molecule

Question 9

Skeletal formula?

Answer 9

shows the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional Groups.

Question 10

Aliphatic?

Answer 10

compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings

Question 11

Alicyclic?

Answer 11

an aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains

Question 12

Aromatic?

Answer 12

: a compound containing a benzene ring

Question 13

Homologous series?

Answer 13

are families of organic compounds with the same functional group and same general formula.
•They show a gradual change in physical properties (e.g. boiling point).
• Each member differs by CH2 from the last.
• same chemical properties

Question 14

Functional group?

Answer 14

is an atom or group of atoms which when present in different molecules causes them to have similar chemical properties

Question 15

Structural isomers?

Answer 15

same molecular formula different structures (or structural formulae)

Question 16

Chain isomers?

Answer 16

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures of the carbon skeleton

Question 17

Position isomers?

Answer 17

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on the same carbon skeleton

Question 18

Functional group isomers?

Answer 18

Compounds with the same molecular formula but with atoms arranged to give different functional groups

Question 19

Homolyctic fission?

Answer 19

each atom gets one electron from the covalent bond

When a bond breaks by homolytic fission it forms two free radicals.

Question 20

Free radical?

Answer 20

Free radical is a reactive species which possess an unpaired electron

Question 21

Heterolytic fission?

Answer 21

(one atom gets both electrons)