M3U1: URINE pH AND PROTEIN Flashcards
what is measured in the 4 parameter reagent strip ?
glucose, protein, pH, and specific gravity
what would the reagent strip pH be dependent on ?
hydrogen ion concentration
what is the double indicator system of reagent strips ?
bromthymol blue measuring alkaline urine
methyl red measuring acidic urine
How can erroneous results occur in using reagent strips ?
improper storage of the specimen with bacterial proliferation
contamination of the specimen container before collection
improper reagent strip technique
runover of urine
What is the runover effect ?
when excess urine is left on the stick after dipping, and so the acid buffer from the reagent in the protein area runs onto the pH area
how to recognize the occurrence of the runover effect ?
the edge nearest the protein area will usually change first instead of the pH area
which brand of reagent strips mostly has the runover phenomenon ?
multistix
what reference electrode is used in the pH meter ?
calomel electrode, Hg-Hg2Cl2
how does temperature affect pH in the pH meter ?
temperature increases; pH decreases
What colour is the indication of no proteins when using a reagent strip ? as compared to signs of protein ?
yellow to blue-green
What protein is the reagent strip more sensitive to ?
albumin
where are false positive reactions for reagent strips of proteins commonly observed ?
extremely alkaline or highly buffered urine
presence of highly coloured substances that mask results
what is low level of albumin used for monitoring patients with ?
diabetes
hypertension
peripheral vascular disease
What cases can make urine acidic ?
High protein diet Cranberry Ingestion Medications: NH4Cl, Ascorbic acid, Methionine Metabolic acidosis Respiratory acidosis Urinary tract acidosis
What cases can make urine more alkaline ?
Low carbohydrate diet
Increased consumption of vegetables and citrus fruits
Metabolic alkalosis
Urinary system disorders
Medications: Sodium Bicarbonate, Potassium citrate, acetazolamide
