M3.1 statistical learning Flashcards
What does statistical learning primarily study?
A) Human behavior
B) Historical trends
C) Patterns in data
D) Biological systems
E) Chemical reactions
Patterns in data
Which type of learning is often unconscious and yields abstract knowledge?
A) Supervised learning
B) Unsupervised learning
C) Implicit learning
D) Explicit learning
E) Reinforcement learning
Implicit learning
Who is noted for their research in perceptual learning within the realm of statistical learning?
A) Jennifer Saffran
B) Reber
C) Watanabe
D) Seitz
E) Tim Brady
Watanabe
What role does the hippocampus play in statistical learning?
A) Muscle coordination
B) Visual processing
C) Inference and memory formation
D) Digestive processes
E) Hearing acuity
Inference and memory formation
In the context of language, what does a transition probability of P=1 within words suggest?
A) High likelihood of transitioning within the word
B) Low likelihood of error
C) High probability of grammatical mistakes
D) Independence from syntax
E) None of the above
High likelihood of transitioning within the word
Which type of learning includes a labeled dataset for training?
A) Unsupervised learning
B) Semi-supervised learning
C) Supervised learning
D) Reinforcement learning
E) Implicit learning
Supervised learning
What is a key feature of reinforcement learning?
A) No feedback involved
B) Uses labeled data only
C) Learns from delayed rewards
D) Always requires a teacher
E) Unrelated to predictions
Learns from delayed rewards
Which research involved using artificial grammars to explore implicit learning mechanisms?
A) Saffran et al., 1996
B) Reber, 1965
C) Watanabe, 2001
D) Turk-Browne et al., 2006
E) Seitz, 2009
Reber, 1965
Which learning type is characterized by the absence of direct feedback about the correctness of responses?
A) Supervised learning
B) Unsupervised learning
C) Reinforcement learning
D) Perceptual learning
E) Rule-based learning
Unsupervised learning
What distinguishes implicit from explicit learning?
A) Implicit learning is always visual.
B) Explicit learning cannot involve memory.
C) Implicit learning occurs without conscious awareness.
D) Explicit learning uses only auditory cues.
E) Implicit learning is faster.
Implicit learning occurs without conscious awareness.
Statistical learning is essential for which field?
A) Computational linguistics
B) Mechanical engineering
C) Organic chemistry
D) Maritime navigation
E) Urban planning
Computational linguistics
Which scenario best represents an application of statistical learning?
A) Determining the structure of proteins
B) Predicting consumer behavior
C) Solving algebraic equations
D) Composing symphonic music
E) Diagnosing mechanical faults in engines
Predicting consumer behavior
In statistical learning, what does ‘unsupervised’ refer to?
A) Learning without any prior data
B) Learning without explicit labels
C) Learning without any algorithms
D) Learning without error correction
E) Learning without historical precedent
Learning without explicit labels
Who contributed to the understanding of reward-based learning in statistical contexts?
A) Jennifer Saffran
B) Reber
C) Watanabe
D) Seitz
E) Poggio
Seitz
What is a common tool used in the analysis of statistical learning data?
A) Microscope
B) Oscilloscope
C) ANOVA
D) Stethoscope
E) Spectroscope
ANOVA
Which of the following best describes incidental learning?
A) Learning through structured courses
B) Learning that occurs without deliberate intention
C) Learning only relevant in children
D) Learning that requires direct feedback
E) Learning associated exclusively with motor skills
Learning that occurs without deliberate intention
What is a key concept introduced by Reber in the context of implicit learning?
A) Structured Query Language
B) Artificial grammar learning
C) Calculus of variations
D) Quantum mechanics
E) Behavioral economics
Artificial grammar learning
Which learning theory is most associated with statistical learning in auditory perception?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Operant conditioning
C) Perceptual learning
D) Cognitive behavioral therapy
E) Transactional analysis
Perceptual learning
In the context of the lectures, what does supervised learning primarily involve?
A) Learning without any guidance or labels
B) Learning with the aid of labeled data
C) Learning that depends on physical activities
D) Learning exclusively through observation
E) Learning without any prior data
Learning with the aid of labeled data
Which method is often used to validate models in statistical learning?
A) Cross-validation
B) Peer review
C) Double-blind testing
D) Hypothesis testing
E) Random sampling
Cross-validation
What is the primary focus of reinforcement learning within the context of AI and machine learning?
A) Syntax and grammar enhancement
B) Decision-making based on reward systems
C) Visual recognition accuracy
D) Emotional intelligence development
E) Enhancing logical reasoning skills
Decision-making based on reward systems
How is perceptual learning typically demonstrated in experiments?
A) Through linguistic skills
B) Through sensory and perception tasks
C) Through mathematical equations
D) Through emotional responses
E) Through economic modeling
Through sensory and perception tasks
Which experiment highlighted the role of transition probabilities in statistical learning of language?
A) Saffran et al., 1996
B) Reber, 1965
C) Watanabe, 2001
D) Seitz, 2009
E) Chomsky, 1956
Saffran et al., 1996
Which learning type heavily relies on datasets with known outcomes?
A) Unsupervised learning
B) Supervised learning
C) Implicit learning
D) Perceptual learning
E) Explicit learning
Supervised learning
What aspect of learning is primarily focused on during unsupervised learning?
A) Feedback and corrections
B) Pattern discovery without labels
C) Reward systems
D) Memorization techniques
E) Skill acquisition
Pattern discovery without labels
Which component is not typically involved in the process of statistical learning?
A) Data collection
B) Pattern recognition
C) Random guessing
D) Model validation
E) Hypothesis generation
Random guessing
What is the typical outcome of effective statistical learning?
A) Improved physical coordination
B) Enhanced data prediction capabilities
C) Increased historical knowledge
D) Better artistic skills
E) Advanced language proficiency
Enhanced data prediction capabilities
What role do algorithms play in statistical learning?
A) They provide historical context
B) They solve mathematical problems
C) They detect patterns in data
D) They enhance physical abilities
E) They create visual art
They detect patterns in data
Which researcher’s work is pivotal for understanding reinforcement learning’s application in real-world scenarios?
A) Jennifer Saffran
B) Arthur Reber
C) Watanabe
D) Seitz
E) Sutton and Barto
Sutton and Barto
What distinguishes statistical learning from traditional learning methods?
A) Its reliance on large data sets
B) Its use in physical training
C) Its application in historical studies
D) Its focus on biological processes
E) Its method of teaching languages
Its reliance on large data sets
Which techniques are crucial for statistical analysis in learning models?
A) Regression analysis
B) ANOVA
C) T-tests
D) Chi-square tests
E) Factor analysis
Regression analysis, ANOVA, T-tests
What subjects intersect with statistical learning in research?
A) Neuroscience
B) Psychology
C) Computer science
D) Mechanical engineering
E) Literature
Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer science
Which factors influence effective statistical learning?
A) Quality of data
B) Computational power
C) Theoretical knowledge
D) Physical tools used
E) Algorithm complexity
Quality of data, Computational power, Algorithm complexity
What outcomes can result from the application of statistical learning in technology?
A) Improved machine learning models
B) Enhanced predictive analytics
C) Better user interface design
D) More efficient data storage
E) Faster computational speeds
Improved machine learning models, Enhanced predictive analytics
Which areas benefit from perceptual learning through statistical methods?
A) Music recognition
B) Speech recognition
C) Pattern recognition
D) Emotional recognition
E) Color recognition
Music recognition, Speech recognition, Pattern recognition
Which are components of statistical learning?
A) Data collection
B) Pattern recognition
C) Hypothesis testing
D) Algorithm development
E) Physical experimentation
Pattern recognition, Hypothesis testing, Algorithm development
Identify the researchers associated with developments in statistical learning.
A) Jennifer Saffran
B) Arthur Reber
C) Noam Chomsky
D) Watanabe
E) Seitz
Jennifer Saffran, Arthur Reber, Watanabe, Seitz
What are recognized applications of statistical learning?
A) Medical diagnosis
B) Stock market analysis
C) Weather forecasting
D) Legal advising
E) Educational curriculum design
Medical diagnosis, Stock market analysis, Weather forecasting
Which aspects are studied in statistical learning courses?
A) Neural networks
B) Decision trees
C) Cluster analysis
D) Fourier transforms
E) Differential equations
Neural networks, Decision trees, Cluster analysis
