M3-Physical and Motor Development

Question 1

An evolutionary theory explaining that if humans were born later and were more physically developed, our brains and heads would not be able to reliably slip down the relatively narrow birth canals of our mothers

Answer 1

Obstetrical Dilemma

Question 2

Fraction of the final height of an individual when he or she is a newborn / neonate

Answer 2

1/3

Question 3

Fraction of the final height of an individual at age 2

Answer 3

1/2

Question 4

Fraction of how large the baby’s head is at birth compared to the whole length of the body

Answer 4

1/4

Question 5

Fraction of how large the baby’s head is at age 2 compared to the whole length of the body

Answer 5

1/5

Question 6

Fraction of how large the head is by adulthood compared to the whole length of the body

Answer 6

1/10

Question 7

Which part of the body grows the fastest?

Answer 7

Hands and feet

Question 8

Which part of the body grows the slowest?

Answer 8

Trunk

Question 9

Average ages when the adolescent growth spurt
occurs

Answer 9

10 ½ and 15

Question 10

Average growth rate when adolescent growth spurt occurs

Answer 10

3 - 4 inches

Question 11

How many years do the most rapid growth last?

Answer 11

2

Question 12

Also called the “soft spots” on the baby’s head, wherein it gradually disappear during the first two years as bone grows to cover the gaps.

Answer 12

Fontanelles

Question 13

As the bones harden at different rates, the bones in these body parts are the first to stiffen completely, allowing the child to grasp, pick, and move objects around.

Answer 13

Hands and wrists

Question 14

Age range when the total mass of muscle increases greatly

Answer 14

14-15

Question 15

This refers to the development of control over the different muscles of the body, which makes the child relatively independent of others

Answer 15

Motor Development

Question 16

Four importance of motor development

Answer 16

1. enable the child to participate in physical activities and play
2. enable the child to entertain himself by his physical ability to explore and control the environment
3. provides the child with opportunities for socialization
4. enables the child to achieve independence

Question 17

Average age when the child already has the ability to exercise basic reflexes such as sucking and reflex grasp

Answer 17

0-1 month

Question 18

Average age when the child reaches perfection of visual control

Answer 18

1–4 months

Question 19

Average age when the child can already coordinate eye movement with head movements, as well as
develop different viewpoints for moving and stationary objects

Answer 19

1-4 months

Question 20

The ability to grasp objects between fingers and opposable
thumb

Answer 20

Prehension

Question 21

Average age when the child has still no prehensive contact

Answer 21

1-4 months

Question 22

Average age when the child already has head and arm control

Answer 22

4-7 months

Question 23

Average age when the child is already able to raise their chin, chest, and head while laying flat on their stomach, as well as having the ability for rudimentary reaching
movements

Answer 23

4-7 months

Question 24

Average age when the child already has trunk and hand
control

Answer 24

7-10 months

Question 25

Average age when the child already has emerging
prehension (immature grasp)

Answer 25

7-10 months

Question 26

Average age when the child can already sit alone

Answer 26

5 – 6 months

Question 27

Average age when the child is already able to control their legs, feet, fingers, thumbs. This is the age when they can already stand and walk alone.

Answer 27

10–13 months

Question 28

Average age when the child already refines their prehension. This is the age when they already start to have a mature grasp of objects.

Answer 28

10–13 months

Question 29

Average age when the child already has perfection of prehension (uses mature grasp) and mobility skill (walks sideways, walks backwards,
walks up and down the stairs,
fast walk-run)

Answer 29

13 months to 2 years

Question 30

Affects an individual’s rate of maturation and the size or shape that they assume

Answer 30

Genotype

Question 31

Which hormones regulate the physical growth in infancy and childhood?

Answer 31

Thyroxine and Pituitary Growth
Hormones

Question 32

Released by the pituitary gland, this hormone stimulates the development and rapid growth of body cells, which is normally excreted into the bloodstream about 60 – 90 minutes after a child falls asleep.

Answer 32

Growth Hormone
(GH)

Question 33

The most potent of all
environmental influences on human growth and
development

Answer 33

Diet

Question 34

A condition referred to by researchers as failure to thrive, where emotional traumas may cause a growth slowdown by inhibiting the production of pituitary growth hormone.

Answer 34

Deprived Dwarves

Question 35

An infant exercise where parents turn their babies over
onto their stomach and engage them with smiles, funny faces or songs.

Answer 35

Tummy Time

Question 36

An infant exercise where parents pull the baby up into a sitting position.

Answer 36

Sit-ups

Question 37

An infant exercise where parents move their baby’s legs as if they are riding a bicycle while the baby is on their back.

Answer 37

Bycycling