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ANAV 0122 > M3 Fertilization > Flashcards

M3 Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

Union of male&female gametes/sex cells

A

FERTILIZATION

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2
Q

-can be natural, artificial, or in vitro
-sexual intercourse of a male and female with the deposition of semen in the female reproductive tract

A

MATING

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3
Q

can be the classic AI and observing the occurrence of
estrus or Fixed Time AI (FTAI) via hormonal
intervention. Monitoring/observation of estrus is no
longer done/problem because AI is at a fixed time
- introduction of
sperm into the female’s uterus or cervix for
the purpose of achieving pregnancy
through in vivo fertilization by means other
than sexual intercourse

A

ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION (AI)

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4
Q

-Ovum are picked up (OPU) via guided
Ultrasonograpy
-Ovum aspirated from the collected
ovaries from abattoir
/slaughterhouse

A

IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION

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5
Q

Fertilization takes place in this part of the oviduct

A

AMPULLARY REGION

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6
Q

travel path of sperm cell

A
  1. Immediate transport
  2. Cervix
  3. Uterus
  4. Oviduct
  5. Fertilization
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7
Q

Delivers spermatozoa to the
fertilization site very shortly after copulation (15-30 mins)

A

RAPID
TRANSPORT
PHASE

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8
Q

Delivers spermatozoa to the ampulla in a more uniform manner over a sustained period of time (6-12 hrs)

A

SLOW/SUSTAINED TRANSPORT
PHASE

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9
Q

Movement of sperm cells from one horn to another (usually during AI)

A

INTERCORNUAL TRANSPORT

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10
Q

Cervix produces mucus rich in

A

SIALOMUCIN & SULFOMUCIN

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11
Q
  • Low in
    viscosity
  • Produced by
    cells in the
    basal areas of
    the cervical
    crypts
A

SIALOMUCIN

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12
Q
  • Viscous
  • Produced in
    the apical
    portions of
    the cervical
    epithelium
A

SULFOMUCIN

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13
Q

a biochemical process that occur in the female
tract whereby spermatozoa acquire the capacity
to fertilize the egg.

A

CAPACITATION

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14
Q

Capacitation may begin through the

A

CERVIX, UTERUS, ISTHMUS

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15
Q

Consists of three glycoproteins:
* ZP1 and ZP2- structural proteins
* ZP3- receptor for sperm

A

ZONA PELLUCIDA

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16
Q

Two zona binding sites

A
  • Primary zona binding region
  • Acrosome reaction promoting ligand
17
Q

Calcium-triggered reaction of the oocyte cell
membrane

A

CORTICAL REACTION

18
Q

-Small, dense granules that undergo exocytosis and their
contents are released into the perivitelline
space

A

CORTICAL GRANULES

19
Q

A process whereby the zona pellucida undergoes
biochemical changes so that no further sperm can
penetrate the zona

A

ZONA BLOCK

20
Q

Reduction of the ability of the oocyte plasma
membrane to fuse with additional spermatozoa

A

VITELLINE BLOCK

21
Q

The fusion of the
male and female
pronuclei,
fertilization is done

A

SYNGAMY

22
Q

technology used to achieve pregnancy in
procedures such as artificial insemination,
in vitro fertilization and surrogacy

A

ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY (ART)

23
Q

a tool of assisted
reproductive technology against infertility
- Eggs are removed from a female ovaries and placed in
one of fallopian tubes, along with the male sperm

A

GAMETE INTRA FALLOPIAN
TRANSFER (GIFT)

24
Q

–used when a blockage in the fallopian tubes prevents the normal binding of sperm to the egg.
-Egg cells are removed from a female ovaries, and in vitro fertilized.
-The resulting zygote is placed into the fallopian tube by the use of laparoscopy.

A

ZYGOTE INTRAFALLOPIAN
TRANSFER (ZIFT)

25
Q

-Sperm is injected directly into the eggs in a laboratory.
-Used if infertility originates from the male
such as: – Low numbers of sperm – Low sperm motility
-Single spermatozoan is directly injected into the cytoplasm of the oocyte through a
micro puncture of zona pellucida

A

INTRA CYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION
(ICSI)

26
Q

an assisted reproduction technology
in which embryos are placed into the
uterus of a recipient female
(surrogate) to establish a pregnancy
-Accompanied by hormone treatment
to induce multiple ovulation- embryo transfer scheme (MOET)

A

EMBRYO TRANSFER

27
Q

Advantages of MOET

A
  • Shorter period of breed improvement
  • Improvement of stock quality
  • Preservation of superior gene quality
  • Multiplication of rare or endangered species
  • Lower transportation/importation cost
  • Contribution to the study of sterility or low
    fertility
  • Increase rate of twinning or multiple birth
28
Q

Disadvantages of MOET

A
  • Technique is complex
  • Expensive
  • Adverse effects of hormones (Ab devt.)
  • Dystocia ( difficult labor)
  • Injury from surgical approach
    (adhesion,scarring, death by anesthesia)
  • Neglect of animal welfare
  • Possibility of international misconduct
29
Q
  • Removal of the nucleus of the oocyte
  • injection/implantation of a diploid
    nucleus of a somatic cell
  • activation of the master genes that have
    been shut down in the original somatic cell
  • Creation of a new but the same organism
A

CLONING/ SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER

30
Q

in mammals, females are? males are?

A

heterozygous, homozygous

31
Q

in avians, females are? males are?

A

homozygous, heterozygous

32
Q

A technique used to identify abnormalities in
chromosomes

A

KARYOTYPING

33
Q

Additional autosome (47 chromosomes)

A

DOWN SYNDROME

34
Q

XXY

A

KLINEFELTER SYNDROME

35
Q

XO

A

TURNER SYNDROME

ANAV 0122 (1 decks)

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