M3- C6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Extension

A

The increase in length of an object when a tensile force is exerted on it

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2
Q

Tensile force

A

Equal and opposite forces acting on a material to stretch it

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3
Q

Compression

A

The decrease in length of an object when a compressive force is exerted on it

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4
Q

Compressive force

A

Two or more forces together that reduce the length or volume of an object

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5
Q

Compressive deformation

A

A change in the shape of an object due to compressive forces

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6
Q

Tensile deformation

A

A change in shape of an object due to tensile forces

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7
Q

Force- extension graph

A

A graph of force against extension (or compression), with the area under the graph equal to the work done on the material

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8
Q

Elastic limit

A

The value of stress or force beyond which elastic deformation becomes plastic deformation, and the material or object will no longer return to its original shape and size when the stress or force is removed

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9
Q

Elastic deformation

A

A reversible change in the shape of an object due to a compressive or tensile force- removal of stress or force will return the object to its original shape and size ( no permanent strain)

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10
Q

Plastic deformation

A

An irreversible change in the shape of an object due to a compressive or tensile force- removal of the stress or force produces permanent deformation

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11
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The force applied is directly proportional to the extension of the Spring unless the limit of proportionality is exceeded

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12
Q

Force constant

A

A quantity determined by dividing force by extension ( or compression) for an object obeying Hooke’s law- called constant of proportionality k in Hooke’s law, measured in Nm^-1

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13
Q

Stiffness

A

The ability of an object to resist deformation

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14
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

The energy stored in an object because of its deformation

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15
Q

Tensile stress

A

The force per unit cross sectional area, measured in Pa

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16
Q

Tensile strain

A

The extension per unit length, a dimensionless quantity

17
Q

Ductile

A

Property of a material that has a large plastic region in a stress-strain graph, so can be drawn into wires

18
Q

Limit of proportionality

A

The value of stress or force beyond which stress is no longer directly proportional to strain

19
Q

Yield point

A

A point on a stress- strain graph beyond which the deformation is no longer entirely elastic

20
Q

Ultimate tensile strength

A

The maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks

21
Q

Breaking strength

A

The stress value at the point of fracture, calculated by dividing the breaking force by the cross sectional area

22
Q

Strong material

A

A material with a large value for the UTS

23
Q

Young modulus

A

The ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain when these quantities are directly proportional to each other, measured in Pa

24
Q

Brittle

A

Property of a material that does not show plastic deformation and deforms very little ( if at all) under high stress

25
Q

Polymeric

A

Description of a material comprising of long-chain molecules, such as rubber, which may show large strains