M3: Acyanotic HD

Question 1

define acyanotic HD

Answer 1

HDs that do are not severe enough to cause cyanosis

Question 2

2 types of acyanotic HD

Answer 2

1. shunting

2. non-shunting or obstructive

Question 3

5 types of acyanotic HD that involve shunting

Answer 3

1. ASD
2. VSD
3. PDA
4. AVSD/Endocardial cushion defect
5. congenitally corrected transposition of the arteries/L loop (CC-TGA)

Question 4

5 types of acyanotic HD that are non-shunting/obstructive

Answer 4

1. congenital AS or bicuspid AV
2. Pulmonary stenosis
3. coarctation of the AO

Question 5

how are ASDs classified

what can they lead to and why

Answer 5

according to their location relative to the fossa ovalis

TV annular dilation leading to TR
RA dilation leading to arrhythmias (A fib)
…. due to extra volume moving through the Rt heart

Question 6

what to look for on echo with ASD

Answer 6

Rt sided enlargement due to volume overload
paradoxical septal motion
location and direction of ASD
size
Qp:Qs ratio for severity

Question 7

what is paradoxical septal motion

Answer 7

septum gets flattened out instead of bowing to the RV due to increased R sided heart pressure