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5: Pharmacology > M3 > Flashcards

M3 Flashcards

1
Q

Effects of CNS depression

A

Depression, suicidality, confusion, drowsiness, constipation, urinary retention, dry mouth, anorexia, loss of libido, cardiac arrhythmias & changes in BP

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2
Q

Best anti-seizure med for patients intolerable to sedation/drowsiness

A

Hydantoins, phenytoin

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3
Q

Partial vs generalized seizures

A

Partial: one hemisphere
Gen; both hemispheres, loss of conciousness

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4
Q

Tonic-clonic phases

A

Tonic: stiff body, loss of conciousness
Clonic: spasms
Postictal: stay unconscious a few more minutes

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5
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Neurological emergency. Seizure over 5min or multiple seizures without regaining normal consciousness

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6
Q

Antidote to benzodiazepines

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

valproic acid

A

Absence seizures

Increases GABA by altering Na+ & Ca+ channels.
Very long 1/2 life
Effects: CNS depression & vision changes, many drug interactions

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8
Q

phenytoin

A

Hydantoins, tonic clonic

Stabalizes neuron membranes
Less sedating!
Effects: CNS depression, bone marrow suppression

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9
Q

diazepam

A

Benzodiazepines
Tx: tonic clonic seizures, anxiety, insomnia (hypnotic), muscle spasms (muscle relaxant), restless leg syndrome, alcohol withdrawal
(called Valium)

Increases GABA
Long 1/2 life
Effects: CNS depression
Antidote: Flumazenil

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10
Q

MAOI vs TCA vs SSRI

A

MAOI: epi, nepi, sertonin, dopamine
TCA: inhibits reuptake of norepi & serotonin. More side effects & toxicity! Better than SSRIs for Bipolar disorder & pain. 10-14 days!

SSRI: also for anxiety, OCD, PTSD, bulimia, etc. 4 weeks!!

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11
Q

Adverse effects & drug-interactions of TCAs & SSRI

A

TCA: CNS, GU, Constipation, anticholinergics, CV!!, withdrawal

SSRIs: CNS, GU, GI, respiratory changes

Drug Interactions: anti-coagulation meds & other antidepressants

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12
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Shivering, diarrhea
Muscle rigidity, fever, seizures
☠️

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13
Q

imipramine

A

TCA

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14
Q

fluoxetine

A

SSRI

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15
Q

Benzo side effects & drug-interactions

A

CNS depression, blurred vision, apathy, amnesia, headaches, GI/GU, CV problems, “sleep driving”, withdrawal, mild paradoxical rxn (1st 2 weeks)

Drug interactions: increase effects w/ anti-acids, oral contraceptives

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16
Q

Muscle spasms vs spasticity

A

Spasms: injury to musculoskeletal sys

Spasticity: injury to neurons in the CNS

17
Q

baclofen +
contraindications & adverse effects

A

Central skeletal muscle relaxant, increases GABA (includes diazepam).

C: spasms from rheumatic disorders

AE: CNS depression, hypotension & arrhythmias, GI, urinary frequency/urgency/enuresis

5: Pharmacology (3 decks)

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