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Immuno Sero > M3 > Flashcards

M3 Flashcards

1
Q

Who pioneered the Radioimmunoassay

A

Yalow and Berson

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2
Q

RI detects what?

A

Ag and Ab

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3
Q

Most commonly used radioIsotope

A

125I

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4
Q

What is the alternative for the most commonly used Radioisotop

A

14C

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5
Q

What Radioisotopes are the gamma counter and beta counter

A

RI I - gamma
RI H and C - beta

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6
Q

What is being measured in Direct RIA

A

Total serum IgE

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7
Q

True or false

RIST activity is directly proportional to the IgE concentration in serum

A

FALSE - INDIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

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8
Q

The higher the antigen concentration, the _______ the binding sites for radioisotopes

The higher the antigen concenrtration the _______ detected radioisotopes

A

Lesser ; lesser

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9
Q

It is also called RAST
A. Indirect RIA
B. Direct RIA
C. ELISA
D. A and B

A

A. Indirect RIA or radioallergosorbent

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10
Q

Disadvantages of RIA

A

Health hazard
Expensive maintenance
Disposal
Short shelf life

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11
Q

What produces the highest turnover rates in EIA?

A

HRP and ALP

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12
Q

These are sourced from E. coli

A

ALP and B-D Galactosidase

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13
Q

Identify the color produced if HRP is added to the following subtrates:
- OPD
- TMB
- ABTS
- 4-Chloro-1-Napthol

A
  • yellow to orange
  • yellow
  • green
  • blue
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14
Q

Identify the color produced when ALP is added to the following substrates:
- PNPP
- Fast Red

A
  • yellow
  • red
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15
Q

True or False

Homogenous EIA is more sensitive than Heterogenous EIA

A

False - Heterogenous EIA is more sensitive

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16
Q

Advantages of Homogenous RIA

A

Rapid
Easy to perform
Automation
Washing is not necessary

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17
Q

Principle of homogenous EIA

A

Change in enzyme activity as Ab and Ag binds. Antigen competes with the enzyme labeled reagent.

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18
Q

Enzyme labels used in Homogenous EIA

A

MDH and G6PD

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19
Q

This assay is used for low molecular weight materials like hormones, therapeutic drugs and drugs of abuse in serum and urine

A

Homogenous EIA

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20
Q

Assay that is compared to usual RIA. What is its principle?

A

IRMA

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21
Q

Assay used for measuring low amounts of pure antigen. Give examples of pure antigens

A

Heterogenous Competitive EIA
- insulin
- estrogen

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22
Q

This assay is used to measure Ab productuin to infectious agents that are difficult to isolate. Give viruses that it detects for screening.

A. RIA
B. Direct ELISA
C. Homogenous EIA
D. Non competitive EIA
E. Indirect ELISA

A

D or E they are the same

  • HIV
  • Hepa A.
  • Hepa C
  • infectious mononucleosis
23
Q

Solid phases for Indirecf ELISA can be in forms of:

A
  1. Nitrocellulose membranes
  2. Microtiter Plate
  3. Magneticatex beads.
24
Q

What is being detected in Sandwhich IA (SIA or CA)

A

Antigen - antibody is on solid phase

It can also detect antibodies like Immunoglobulins when treated as Antigen binded to Antihuman Immunoglobulin (detecf antibodies with antibodies)

25
Q

What microoroganisms do CA test for?

A

With unique epitopes
- Rota Virus (stool)
- RSV (respi tract)
- Giardia spp.
- Cryptosporidium spp.

26
Q

This assay required high specificity and high sensititvity. (provide more requirements for this method)

A

Capture assay of Sandwhich assay
(monoclonal Ab, multiple determinant sites, microoorg with unique epitope).

27
Q

This phenomenon exhibits an unexpected fall in the amount of measured analyte whenever the concentration is high. (what is the result of this phenomenenon?)

Extra: what to do do when we encounter this phenomenon

A

Hook effect - excess antigen

Extra: conduct dilution.

28
Q

Increasing sensitivity and can also be semiquantitative

A

Poct membrane based cassette

29
Q

Made up of nitrocellulose which can immobilize proteins and nucleic acid (explain its principle)

A

Membrane Based Cassette Assay
(rapid flow enhancing ELISA rxn with color production)

30
Q

Organisms detected by Immunochromatography

A

Strep. agalactiae
Strep. pyogenes

31
Q

Principle used for testing kits of
- pregnancy
- troponin for MI
- Hepa B Surface Ag (HBsAg)

A

Immunochromatography

32
Q

Solid phase support consists of very small microparticles in liquid suspension.

A

MEIA

33
Q

Modification of RIA and ELISA

A

USERIA

34
Q

Uses colloidal particles in a liquid consisten metal

A

Sol Particle Immunoassay

35
Q

Colloidal particles used in Sol Particle Immunoassay

A

Gold
Silver Iodide
Barium sulfare

36
Q

It agglutinates in the presence of Rubella

A

Antibody coated with Gold Sol particles in Sol Particle Immunoassay

37
Q

Advantage of Sol Particle Immunoassay over RIA and EIA

A

Use of NON ISOTOPIC labels which are more stable.

It allows VISUAL INSPECTION

38
Q

Assay using G6PD (used for testing what?)

A

Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique for urine drug tesrinf and aqueous extracts of biological samplws

39
Q

He demonstrated that antibodies could be labeled with certain molecules that can fluoresce

A

Albert Coons

40
Q

Charqcteristics of Fluorescent probes

A

High intensity but stable

41
Q

Uses of fluorescent immunoassay

A
  • rapid identif of microorg
  • cell culture / infected tissue
  • tumor specific antigen
  • CD antigen
42
Q

It absorbs light are 490-495 nm and emits green light at 517-520 nm

A

Fluorescein

43
Q

Rhodamin light absorption and light emission

A

550 nm absorption
Red light emits at 580-585 nm

44
Q

T or F? Fluorescein and rhodamine can be used simultaneously

A

True

45
Q

If antigen is present in Direect IFA:

A

In black bg:

Bright applen green
Orange yellow

46
Q

Uses of Direct IFA

A
  • detect antigens in body fluids, and tissues
  • organisms: Chlamydia, RSV, Legionella
47
Q

This assay requires the use of Fluorescent tagged AHG

A

Indirext IFA

48
Q

Uses of Indirect IFA

A
  • Ab identif
  • detects antibodies of Treponema, Antinuclear, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma
  • Herpes, CMV
49
Q

Used to detect biological compounds (give examples)

A

Quantitative FIA
(coristol, t4, cholesterol)

50
Q

Relationshio or degree of fluorescencs and analyte concentration in FPIA

A

Inversely proportional

51
Q

Uses of FPIA

A

Concentration of
- hormone
- therapeutic drugs

52
Q

Why is FPIA developed

A

To precent non specific binding of subsrances in urine and separation jn FIA

53
Q

CLIA for smaller analytes
CLIA for larger analytes

A

Heterogenous:

Small -Competitive
Large - sandwhich

54
Q

Techniques used to detect either Ag and Ab

A

NON competitive EIA
Rapid Immunoassay
Quantiative FIA
CHEMILUMINESCENT

Immuno Sero (1 decks)

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