M2L1.1: Cell parts and Function and Biomolecules of Life Flashcards
comes from a Greek word which means “kernel
“Karyose”
“Pro” means
“eu” means
before
true/good
“Prokaryotic” means
“before a nucleus,”
“eukaryotic” means
“possessing a true
nucleus.”
Characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
-Present w/nuclear envelope
Chromosome
-Paired linear DNA+ protein histones
Extra Chromosomal
-Mitochondria, Chloroplast
Cell Division
-Mitosis
Characteristics of a Prokaryotic Cell
Nucleus
-absent
Chromosome
-single
Extra chromosomal DNA
-Plasmid
Cell division
-Binary fission
Cell Theory
1.All known living things are made up of cells.
2.The cell is structural and functional unit of of living things.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division
5.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry of life occurs within cells.
developed the cell theory
Rudolph Virchow (1855)
published an account of the microscopic
internal structure of plants
Marcelo Malpighi
discovered the protoplasm
Hugo von Mohl
discovered “nucleus” in the epidermal cell of
orchids
Robert Brown
elucidated
mitosis (nuclear division)
Beneden, Fleming. Boveri, & Straburger
builds the first transmission electron microscope.
Ernst Ruska(1931)
published Symbiosis in Cell Evolution detailing the endosymbiotic theory
Lynn Margulis
made their first announcement of
the double-helix structure for DNA
Watson and Crick (1981)
illustrated chromosomes in Tradescantia pollen
Hofmeister
Differences between plant and animal cells
Plants:
-cell wall almost present
-plastids occure in cytoplasm
-lysosomes not usually evident
-centrioles present only in cells of lower plant forms
-large vacuoles filled with cell sap
Animal:
-no cell walls present outside the cell membrane
-no plastids are found
-lysosomes occur in cytoplasm
-centrioles are always present
-vacuoles, if present, are small and contractile or temporary vesicles
-Extracellular
structure
surrounding plasma
membrane
w/c is commonly
found in plants
-provide protection and support for plants
-
Cell wall
-outer membrane of cell that controls cellular traffic
-fluid mosaic mode
-made up of 2 lipids called bilipid membrane
Plasma membrane
least differentiated part of the cytoplasm
-membranes systems are suspended and biochemical events occur
cytosol
liquids found in plasma membrane
phospholids
protein packaging plant
membrane found near nuclua
Golgi apparatus
