M2L1.1: Cell parts and Function and Biomolecules of Life

Question 1

comes from a Greek word which means “kernel

Answer 1

“Karyose”

Question 2

“Pro” means
“eu” means

Answer 2

before
true/good

Question 2

“Prokaryotic” means

Answer 2

“before a nucleus,”

Question 2

“eukaryotic” means

Answer 2

“possessing a true
nucleus.”

Question 3

Characteristics of a Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 3

Nucleus
-Present w/nuclear envelope

Chromosome
-Paired linear DNA+ protein histones

Extra Chromosomal
-Mitochondria, Chloroplast

Cell Division
-Mitosis

Question 4

Characteristics of a Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 4

Nucleus
-absent

Chromosome
-single

Extra chromosomal DNA
-Plasmid

Cell division
-Binary fission

Question 5

Cell Theory

Answer 5

1.All known living things are made up of cells.

2.The cell is structural and functional unit of of living things.

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
4. Cells contain hereditary information which is passed from cell to cell during cell division

5.All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.

6.All energy flow (metabolism & biochemistry of life occurs within cells.

Question 6

developed the cell theory

Answer 6

Rudolph Virchow (1855)

Question 7

published an account of the microscopic
internal structure of plants

Answer 7

Marcelo Malpighi

Question 8

discovered the protoplasm

Answer 8

Hugo von Mohl

Question 9

discovered “nucleus” in the epidermal cell of
orchids

Answer 9

Robert Brown

Question 10

elucidated
mitosis (nuclear division)

Answer 10

Beneden, Fleming. Boveri, & Straburger

Question 11

builds the first transmission electron microscope.

Answer 11

Ernst Ruska(1931)

Question 12

published Symbiosis in Cell Evolution detailing the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 12

Lynn Margulis

Question 12

made their first announcement of
the double-helix structure for DNA

Answer 12

Watson and Crick (1981)

Question 13

illustrated chromosomes in Tradescantia pollen

Answer 13

Hofmeister

Question 14

Differences between plant and animal cells

Answer 14

Plants:
-cell wall almost present
-plastids occure in cytoplasm
-lysosomes not usually evident
-centrioles present only in cells of lower plant forms
-large vacuoles filled with cell sap

Animal:
-no cell walls present outside the cell membrane
-no plastids are found
-lysosomes occur in cytoplasm
-centrioles are always present
-vacuoles, if present, are small and contractile or temporary vesicles

Question 14

-Extracellular
structure
surrounding plasma
membrane
w/c is commonly
found in plants
-provide protection and support for plants
-

Answer 14

Cell wall

Question 15

-outer membrane of cell that controls cellular traffic
-fluid mosaic mode
-made up of 2 lipids called bilipid membrane

Answer 15

Plasma membrane

Question 16

least differentiated part of the cytoplasm
-membranes systems are suspended and biochemical events occur

Answer 16

cytosol

Question 17

liquids found in plasma membrane

Answer 17

phospholids

Question 18

protein packaging plant
membrane found near nuclua

Answer 18

Golgi apparatus