m21 | m22 | m23 | m24

Question 1

What are the three main types of hydrocarbons according to structure?

Answer 1

• alkanes
• alkenes
• alkynes

Question 2

Why is it important for chemists to know what to call different molecules?

Answer 2

To ensure that everyone is kept on the same page, in terms of chemical nomeclature.

Question 3

What does IUPAC mean?

Answer 3

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 4

The IUPAC formed such a committe to do exactly what?

Answer 4

To create a systematic set of rules for naming organic molecules, ensuring global uniformity

Question 5

Identify the item provided the description.

They only contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

Answer 5

alkanes

Question 6

True or false: Alkanes are the least saturated carbons due to their single bonds.

Answer 6

False

They are known to be the saturated hydrocarbons.

Question 7

Identify the item provided the description.

Alkanes are also known as the…

Answer 7

the bones of organic molecules

Question 8

There are two types of alkanes, what are these?

Answer 8

• straight-chain alkanes
• branched alkanes

Question 9

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 9

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 10

These are compounds that have the same number and kinds of atoms but differ in structural arrangement.

Answer 10

Constitutional Isomers

Question 11

Identify the constitutional isomer.

• chicken feet
• equivalent to 2-methylpropane minus a single hydrogen group

Answer 11

tert-butyl

Question 12

Identify the constitutional isomer.

• used when all carbons, except for one form a continuous chain

Answer 12

iso-

Question 13

Identify the constitutional isomer.

• used when the functional group is bonded to a secondary carbon

Answer 13

sec-

Question 14

Identify the constitutional isomer.

• all carbons form an continuous, unbranched linear chain

Answer 14

n-

Question 15

• has an OH group bonded as one of its substituents

Answer 15

alcohol

Question 16

Which prefixes can you ignore conforming to the standard alphabetization of nomenclature?

Answer 16

- tert & sec (go under b with butyl)
- number of identical substituents

Question 17

When given a cycloalkane along with an hydrocarbon chain, which should be the parent name?

Answer 17

• the one with the longer continuous chain of carbons

Question 18

What functional group has this configuration: -OH?

Answer 18

alcohol

Question 19

Which specific type of alcohol is present in alcholic drinks such as beer and wine?

Answer 19

ethanol
(CH3CH3OH)

Question 20

Ethanol is also known as the byproduct of (?), or the breakdown of sugars into alcohols by yeast enzymes.

Answer 20

fermentation

Question 21

This alcohol is also known as wood alcohol.

Answer 21

methanol
(CH3OH)

Question 22

Which alcohol is known to be the component of rubbing alcohol?

Answer 22

isopropyl alcohol
(CH3)2CHOH

Question 23

What other importance does alcohol possess other than being useful in many drugs and organic materials?

Answer 23

They are useful intermmediates in synthesis beacuse they’re easily made and transformed into their functional groups.

Question 24

When naming alcohols, where should you start?

Answer 24

You start by identifying the longest chain with the -OH group in it and ensure that it has the least locant than other substituents.

Question 25

When naming alcohols, what do you do when a chiral center is shown?

Answer 25

Assign the stereochemistry of the chiral center and place this designation in front of the name. **(R/S configuration)** | **R - clockwise : S - counterclockwise**

Question 26

What is the general formula for **alcohols**?

Answer 26

**CnH2n+1OH**

Question 27

- this is a **stepwise process** of how the starting material changes into the product - it shows **which bonds are formed and broken** and in what order

Answer 27

**mechanism of a reaction**

Question 28

What suffix is added to distinguish alkenes?

Answer 28

**-ene**

Question 29

When naming alkenes, how should you start off?

Answer 29

Find the **longest chain that contains the double bond** and number the parent chain **from the side that reaches the double bond first**.

Question 30

This type of sterochemistry has the identical substituents **stick off the same side of the double bond**.

Answer 30

**cis stereochemistry**

Question 31

This type of sterochemistry has the identical substituents **stick off the opposite sides of the double bond**.

Answer 31

**trans stereochemistry**

Question 32

This **system** involves the usage of priority lines for different substituents **based on their atomic number**.

Answer 32

**E/Z system**

Question 33

By which priority rules do the E/Z system abide by?

Answer 33

**Cahn-Ingold-Prelog**

Question 34

# **Which E/Z configuration is this?** The high-priority substituents are on the same side of the double bond.

Answer 34

**Z - configuration** (Zusammen)

Question 35

# **Which E/Z configuration is this?** The high-priority substituents are on opposite sides of the double bond.

Answer 35

**E - configuration** (Entgegen)

Question 36

These are molecules that contain **triple carbon-carbon bonds**.

Answer 36

**alkynes**

Question 37

This is **a sequence of two or more individual reactions that converts a starting material into a desired product** with a more complicated structure.

Answer 37

**multistep synthesis**

Question 38

If you have **both an alkene and alkyne** in the molecule....

Answer 38

Still, **number the chain to give the alkyne the least possible number**, then the alkene follows.