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PharmacologyII > M2- lecture 14 reproductive system > Flashcards

M2- lecture 14 reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is GnRH?

A

stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH from the ANTERIOR pituitary.

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2
Q

what does LH and FSH do?

A

they stimulate ovarian follicle development.

  • FSH stimulates estrogen release.
  • LH stimulates ovulation and controls progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.
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3
Q

what does estrogen and progesterone do?

A

estrogen controls proliferation of the endometrium.

progesterone controls the later secretory phase.

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4
Q

what are the three endogenous estrogens?

A

estradiol (MOST POTENT)

estrone

estriol

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5
Q

what are the synthetic forms of estrogen ?

A

ethinylestradiol and mestranol.

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6
Q

how does estrogen work?

A

it acts via nuclear estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta (TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS).

may also act via GPCR (VASCULAR ACTIONS).

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7
Q

how does estrogen receptor singling work?

A

1) most actions are mediated via nuclear ER alpha and beta. they are transcription factors that regulate gene expression.
2) VASCULAR ACTIONS via GPCR also known as GPR30. –> activates NO synthase (enos) increases NO causing vasodilation.

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8
Q

what are two main types of hormonal contraceptive?

A

1) combined pill

2) the progesterone only pill

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9
Q

whats the combined pill?

A

it has both estrogen and progesterone.

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10
Q

what are the adverse effects of the combined pill?

A

Acne (from the progesterone component of the combined pill)

THROMBOEMBOLISM (obstruction of blood vessel) –> rare.

reduction in risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer because u can detect it earlier.

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11
Q

whats the MOA of the progesterone only pill ?

A
  • acts primarily on the cervical mucus making it inhospitable to the sperm.
  • also inhibits implantation through its action on the endometrium and by altering motility and secretions of the fallopian tubes.
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12
Q

what are the adverse effects of the progesterone only pill?

A
  • irregular bleeding are common.
  • less reliable at contraception than the combined pill
  • less overall safety data.
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13
Q

who is suitable for the progesterone only pill?

A

people who experience blood pressure increases resulting from estrogen or other contraindications of estrogen.

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14
Q

what is postcoital contraception? (progesterone based)

A

postcoital (emergency) contraception. its an oral administration of LEVONORGESTREL.

effective up to 72 hours post-unprotected intercourse with a repeated dose 12 hours later.

nausea and vomiting are common. CAN BE TAKEN WITH GRAVOL

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15
Q

what is long acting progestogen only contraception?

A

intramuscular depot medroxyprogestogen

infertility may persist for months after stopping treatment.

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16
Q

whats are agents that enhance uterine motility?

A
  • OXYTOCIN
  • ergometrine
  • mifepriston/misoprostol.

CERVICAL RESISTANCE MUST DIMINISH FOR UTERINE CONTRACTIONS TO BE EFFECTIVE AT DRIVING UTERINE CONTENTS THROUGH THE CERVIX.

17
Q

how does oxytocin work?

A

oxytocin receptors is a GPCR (Gq) that promotes increases in intracellular calcium (by IP3).

activation of calmodulin (CaM) stimulates myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) to induce uterine contraction.

18
Q

what are some side effects of oxytocin?

A
  • hypotension (when administered rapidly)
  • higher doses can cause sustained contractions reducing blood flow and o2 delivery to the placenta that leads to fetal distress and potentially death.
19
Q

what is ergometrine ?

A

a drug that acts on the uterus.

20
Q

whats the MOA of ergometrin?

A
  • acts on the uterine smooth muscle is not completely understood.

may act partly on the alpha adrenoceptors and partly on 5-HT (serotonin) receptors.

21
Q

whats the adverse effects of ergometrin?

A

vomitting (D2 receptors in the chemoreceptors trigger zone).

22
Q

whats are 2 drugs that can inhibit uterine motility?

A

atosiban and salbutamol

23
Q

whats are the drugs that are used for erectile dysfunction?

A

PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE V (PDE V) inhibitors.

  • sildenafil (viagra)
  • tadalafil (longer acting0
  • vardenafil (more selective for PDEV)
24
Q

whats are some adverse effects for the drugs used for erectile dysfunction?

A
  • hypotension

- visual disturbances (inhibition of the PDE VI).

25
Q

what are some adverse effects of the drugs used to treat infertility?

A
  • flushing, vaginal dryness, bone loss and reversible ovarian enlargement (prob wont be tested tho)

PharmacologyII (12 decks)

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